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New Civilizations in Eastern and Western Hemispheres: Early China and Zhou Dynasty

This chapter explores the rise of new civilizations in the Eastern and Western Hemispheres, focusing on Early China from 2000 BCE to 221 BCE. It examines the basis of elite power, the impact of technological and cultural influences, and the acquisition of complex organizations and technologies. Topics covered include the Shang and Zhou dynasties, the influence of geographic barriers, the development of writing and bronze, the spread of Confucianism and Daoism, and changes in social organization.

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New Civilizations in Eastern and Western Hemispheres: Early China and Zhou Dynasty

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  1. Chapter 2New Civilizations in the Eastern and Western Hemispheres, 2200BCE-250 BCE

  2. Essential Questions • What was the basis of the status, power, and wealth of elite groups in each society, and how did they dominate the rest of the population? • How did the technological and cultural influences of older centers affect the formation of the new civilizations? • Why did societies in the Eastern and Western Hemispheres acquire complex organizations and potent technologies at different times and in different sequences?

  3. Early China, 2000-221 B.C. • Isolated civilization • What does this have to do with slavery? • Geographic Barriers • Mountains (Himalaya), deserts, jungles, ocean • Chinese encountered nomadic invaders • How were they viewed?

  4. Main Regions • Heartland along the east coast • Huang He (Yellow River) and Yangzi River • Loess-

  5. China Under the Shang 1750-1027 B.C. • By 2000 B.C. the early Chinese began to make ________. • Chinese history begins with the rise of power of the Shang clans, which coincides with the first written documents and records.

  6. What was the relationship with the Shang and nomadic people of the steppe and dessert regions? • Prisoners of war lead to:

  7. Consulting the Ancestors • Divination- • Bronze • A Difficult Study • Kanji • Calligraphy • Different languages same written system

  8. The Zhou Dynasty 1027-221 B.C. • In 1027 B.C., the Zhou overthrew the Shang dynasty • The Mandate of Heaven- • Propaganda- • Changes in the new dynasty: • Continuity:

  9. Economic Growth • Iron in 500 B.C. led to what changes? • New roads, increased population • Collected taxes, had standardized money • Contributions • Learned horseback riding, first to forge steel • Legalism-

  10. Confucianism, Daoism, and Chinese Society • Confucius was born as Kongzi in 551 B.C • His philosophy and purpose of teachings: • (ren) • Know your role • Filial piety • Government’s responsibility was to.. • His ideas spread _____ his death throughout: China, Korea, Japan, and Vietnam.

  11. Daoism: The Unspoken Way • Not concerned with bringing order to human affairs, instead it sought to live in harmony with nature.

  12. Changes in Social Organization • Private property • Decline of clans • Women in a subordinate position. What Chinese philosophy justified this?

  13. EESPRITE Olmec Chavin

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