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DNA Synthesis

DNA Synthesis. Chapters 16 &17. Nucleotide structure. 3 components 1. 5 carbon sugar (ribose) 2. Phosphate 3. Nitrogenous base. Dehydration synthesis. 5’ to 3’ Phosphate (5 ’ C) binds with the hydroxyl group (3 ’ C) Removes water Phosphodiester bond:

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DNA Synthesis

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  1. DNA Synthesis Chapters 16 &17

  2. Nucleotide structure • 3 components • 1. 5 carbon sugar (ribose) • 2. Phosphate • 3. Nitrogenous base

  3. Dehydration synthesis • 5’ to 3’ • Phosphate (5’C) binds with the hydroxyl group (3’C) • Removes water • Phosphodiester bond: • Bond links 2 sugars of nucleotides

  4. Double Helix • Two strands held together • A forms 2 hydrogen bonds with T • G forms 3 hydrogen bonds with C

  5. Duplication • Semiconservative replication • Old strand template • DNA has one old & one new strand

  6. Duplication • Leading side: • Continuous strand in the 5’ to 3’ direction • Lagging strand: • Side that is duplicated in short segments • Okazaki fragments: • Short stretches on the lagging side

  7. Duplication • DNA Polymerases: • Lengthens by adding new nucleotides • DNA primase: • Forms primer to start replication

  8. Duplication • DNA helicase: • Opens helix in front of the polymerase • DNA topoisomerase: • Releases strain on the molecule • DNA ligase: • Bonds Okazaki fragments

  9. Duplication • Replication fork: • Site of opening of the DNA • Site of active replication

  10. Stages of replication • Initiation • Elongation • Termination

  11. Protein synthesis DNA RNA protein TranscriptionTranslation

  12. RNA • rRNA: ribosomal RNA • Site where polypeptides are assembled • tRNA: transfer RNA (anti-codon) • Transport aa for building polypeptides • mRNA: messenger RNA (codon) • Transcribes the information • Directs which aa are assembled

  13. Ribosomes

  14. Transcription • Nucleus • Initiation • Promoter • RNA polymerase • Elongation • Termination • Stop signal (hair pin)

  15. Transcription

  16. Translation • Cytoplasm in eukaryotes • 1. Initiation • 2. Elongation • 3. Termination

  17. Translation

  18. Translation

  19. Eukaryotes

  20. Protein synthesis

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