Lesson 34

1. Lesson 34 Direct and Indirect speech

2. The changes from direct speech to indirect speech 1 the changing of verb: if the reporting verb is in the present tense, then the verb in the indirect speech has no change in tense and case.

3. 2 If the reporting verb is in the past tense, then the verb in the indirect speech should be put to its past further. He said, “The committee are quarrelling among themselves.” • He said the committee were quarrelling among themselves. He said, “The secretary has turned down the proposal.” • He said the secretary had turned down the proposal.

4. 3But in the following occasion, the verb in the indirect speech doesn’t change. • The quotation is object fact, scientific truth, present habitual action and maxim,it doesn’t chang He said, “ The word ˋlaserˊis an acronym.  He said the word “laser” is an acronym.

5. b)The quotation is in subjunctive mood. “ I suggest the meeting be put off till next week,” he said. • He suggested the meeting be put off till the next week.

6. c) The state and action which is quotated is still going on. “ I’m forty,” he said. • He said he is forty.

7. d)The modal verb in the quotation doesn’t have past tense form. He said, “ It must be pretty late. I really must go.”  He said it must be pretty late, and he really must go.

8. 4 Other changes • pronoun: the first person pronoun should be changed to the third person; the second person pronoun should be put to the first peron pronoun. • He said, “ We love our country.” •  He said they love their country.

9. Demostrative pronoun and determiner: • thisthat/it these those/ they/them

10. 2) The changes of time adverbial • He said, “ It was completed a year ago.” •  He said it had been completed a year before. • Today that day • This morning/ afternoon that morning /afaternoon • Tomorrow the folloing day

11. Yesterday the day before, the previous day The day before yesterday two days before Tomorrow the following/ next day The day after tomorrow two days after, in two days time .

12. Next week/ month, etc the next week/ month, etc Last week/ month the week/ month before Now then

13. Exercise Put the following into indirect speech 1 “ In most countries red stands for danger,” said Mr Jackson. 2 “ I wish I had six weeks for a holiday,”said Mr Jones.

14. The indirect speech in interrogative sentences

15. Exercise 1 Are you being attended to, sir ? 2 Why is your mother driving so fast? 3 Why not take more exercise?

16. Imperative sentence • Ask, order, tell, beg, warn remind, advise should be used. “Leave the room quietly.” • He told me to leave the room quietly. “Be careful with the dog.” I warned you to be careful with the dog.

17. Excercise Put the following into indirect speech, using the verb in the bracket: 1 Climb in through the window. (order) 2 Don’t let it boil over. (warn) 3 Wash it in lukewarm water. (recommend).

18. Exclamatory Sentence • 1) Use “what”, “how”, “that” • “what a lovely house!” •  He remarked what a lovely house it was. •  he remared that it was a lovely house. • 2) change it into a declarative sentence • “ What beautiful weather!” •  He commented on the beautiful weather.