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A changed Europe

A changed Europe. Europe in the wake of the Treaty of Versailles. Aims of the lesson. By the end of the lesson you will Understand how Europe had changed in the wake of the Treaty of Versailles Evaluate the importance of these changes by 1926. Background. 1918 – Germany lost war

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A changed Europe

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  1. A changed Europe Europe in the wake of the Treaty of Versailles

  2. Aims of the lesson By the end of the lesson you will • Understand how Europe had changed in the wake of the Treaty of Versailles • Evaluate the importance of these changes by 1926

  3. Background • 1918 – Germany lost war • 1919 – Treaty of Versailles • Harsh on Germany – France wanted revenge and got it • Military restrictions • War guilt and reparations • Huge territorial losses lost 10% of land and 12% of her population

  4. The Saar and Alsace and Lorraine • Alsace and Lorraine were given back to France – taken by Germany in 1871 • Saar coalfields placed under French control for 15 years • Allowed the French to take the profits from the coal as part of the reparations package • Crippled Germany’s industry

  5. The Rhineland and Austria • Became a demilitarised Zone • Germany was not allowed to put soldiers in this part of the country • Included many important industrial areas • Austria lost her Empire and was reduced to a small country – forbidden to join up with Germany

  6. The Sudetenland • Formally part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire • Became part of Czechoslovakia • Had 3 million Germans living there who wanted to be part of Germany and did not want to move • Would create problems later

  7. Danzig and Memel • Important ports on the Baltic • Victors did not want to give them to Germany or Poland • They were made free cities under the control of the League of Nations • Finland, Estonia, Lithuania and Estonia were given their independence from Russia

  8. The USSR • In 1922 Communist Russia joined up with surrounding Communist countries • Formed the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) • Wanted to persuade its neighbouring countries to become Communist to act as a buffer zone between the USSR and the west

  9. Poland • Poland was recreated • ToV took west Prussia, Posen and Silesia from Germany and land from Russia to create it • Russia tried to get her land back in 1919 but failed • Eastern border with the USSR fixed by the Treaty of Riga in 1921

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