Chapters 11-12 Judaism

1. Chapters 11-12Judaism

2. Geography Canaan became known as Israel When Israel was divided after King Solomon’s rule, Judah was the southern half and Israel was the upper half In later times, the land just west of the Sea of Galilee was known as Galilee Jerusalem, Bethlehem and Jericho were/are cities in Judah

3. Languages of Judaism Hebrew – ancient language of the Jews and the Torah Yiddish – language of European Jews Combination of Old German (80%), Hebrew (10%) and Slavic languages (10%) There are many Yiddish phrases in use today

4. Names for God Jews do not believe in saying or writing God’s name, from Leviticus 24:16. G-d Adonai (“My Lords”) Yahweh – transliteration of Hebrew letters

5. Monotheism Monotheism: God is all-powerful and all-knowing. God is the source of morality (standards of right and wrong) Polytheism: Gods have human qualities, good and bad

6. Mitzvah (plural Mitzvot) Meaning: God’s commandments There are 613 Mitzvot in the Torah 248 Positives (“do”) 365 Negatives (“do not’s”) Mitzvah has also come to mean any act of human kindness

7. Shabbat Begins Friday at sunset with lighting two candles (done by the woman) Kiddush – blessing (done by the man) Challah – traditional braided egg bread “Shabbat Shalom” – traditional greeting – “Peace to you on the Sabbath” Day of rest and rejuvenation

8. Holidays Rosh Hashanah – Jewish New Year Yom Kippur – Day of Atonement Sim Chat Torah – celebration of the Torah Passover – celebrates that Jews’ sons in Egypt were spared from tenth plague Hanukkah – “Festival of Lights” – related to Macabees’ victory over Greeks Purim – “Jewish Mardi Gras” – celebrates Esther’s saving of Jews Sukkot – Harvest festival or “festival of booths” Tu B’Sh’vat – New Year of the Trees

9. Passover Spring cleaning Seder dinner Matzo

10. Branches of Judaism Orthodox Take Torah literally No work on Shabbat – walk to synagogue Keep Kosher laws May dress in orthodox garb Conservative Reform

11. Movements in Judaism Chasidism Kabala – mystical movement

12. Great Temples “First Temple” was built by King Solomon It was destroyed by the Babylonians under Nebuchadrezzar “Second Temple” was built after the Jews were released from Babylon It was destroyed by the Romans

13. Persecution of the Jews Known as anti-Semitism Jews did not accept Jesus as their Messiah Jews followed different customs that others didn’t understand (i.e. Kosher food laws) Jews were barred from owning land and from most occupations, so they engaged in occupations that were forbidden to Christians by the Bible (money lending).

14. Symbols of Judaism Star of David Mezuzah – box containing prayer scroll, attached to doorways Yarmulke – skull cap Tallit – prayer shawl with fringes on ends Tefillin – small leather prayer boxes that remind Jews to pray with their head and heart

15. Kosher Laws Milk and meat dishes may not be eaten at the same time; must not be prepared with the same utensils; and must be eaten on different dishes. Certain foods are forbidden (i.e. pork, shellfish) Animals are slaughtered in a certain way, to cause the least amount of pain, and drain their blood, which is too sacred to be eaten.