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Providing Context for RDA . Derived from IFLA documents and various presentations delivered by RDA Joint Steering Committee members at IFLA, ALA or CLA conferences Compiled by: Sue Andrews University of British Columbia Library susan.andrews@ubc.ca Modified by: Les Moor
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Providing Context for RDA Derived from IFLA documents and various presentations delivered by RDA Joint Steering Committee members at IFLA, ALA or CLA conferences Compiled by: Sue Andrews University of British Columbia Library susan.andrews@ubc.ca Modified by: Les Moor University of Manitoba Libraries leslie.moor@umanitoba.ca
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Objectives of this module • Identify major developments in cataloguing that have influenced RDA • Introduce the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records • Understand the origins of the organization and terminology of RDA • Understand RDA’s role in an international cataloguing context
RDA Influences • Major events and studies influencing RDA • Paris Principles (1961) • AACR (1967); AACR2 (1978) • Stockholm Seminar (1990) • FRBR (1998) • FRAD (2004) • IME/ICC (2009) • RDA (2010)
Paris Principles (1961) • Originated from “The International Conference on Cataloguing Principles” – Paris, 1961 • Influenced by > 100 years of previous codes and principles • Highly influential
AACR (1967)AACR2 (1978) • Originated from “The International Conference on Cataloguing Principles” – Paris, 1961 • Influenced by > 100 years of previous codes and principles • Highly influential
Stockholm Seminar on Cataloguing (1990) • IFLA-sponsored seminar with participants from around the world • Agreement on the need for a re-examination of existing international cataloguing practices • Proposed an IFLA-sponsored study to: • Examine the relationships between the data elements in bibliographic records and the user needs to be met. • Recommend an internationally acceptable basic level of functionality and a set of basic data requirements for records created by national bibliographic agencies. • i.e. what do we really need in our records? The findings were reported in the (1998) IFLA publication: Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records
Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) (1998) • A user-based approach • No a priori assumptions • An entity analysis technique • entities • attributes • relationships • Consideration of all users, all formats • Independence from any particular cataloguing code
FRBR: Generic User Tasks • To find (e.g. materials on a given topic, by a given author). • To identify (e.g. confirm that the record retrieved corresponds to the document or format sought, and to distinguish between two resources with the same title) • To select (e.g. have enough information to decide which of multiple records best suits the user’s needs) • To obtain(e.g. have enough info to find on shelf, order, access electronically, the resource you’ve discovered)
FRBR Entities 2 Persons Families Corporate bodies 3 Concepts Objects Events Places 1 Works Expressions Manifestations Items
TheMovie The Novel Orig. Version Transl. Orig. Text Critical Edition Relationships between Group 1 Entities Work: Expression: Manifestation: Paper PDF HTML Item: Copy 1 Autographed Copy 2
FRBR Relationships • Persons, events, other works • are the subjects of Works • Authors, artists, composers • createWorks • Editors, translators • realizeExpressions • Publishers, printers • publish or print Manifestations • Donors, libraries • ownItems
FRBR in MARC Work - red Expression - blue Manifestation - green Item - orange
Functional Requirements for Authority Data (FRAD) (2009) What are the functions of Authority Data? • To Document decisions • To Serve as reference tool • To Control forms of access points • To Support access to the bibliographic file • To Link bibliographic and authority files
FRAD User Tasks and Entities User tasks: • Find(e.g. information on an entity and its associated resources) • Identify (e.g. confirm that the entity described corresponds to the entity sought) • Contextualize (rda: clarify) (e.g. clarify the relationship between two or more entities) • Justify (rda: understand) (e.g. understand why a particular name or title is chosen as the “preferred” name or title) • Entities: • FRBR Group 1 (work, expression, manifestation, item) • FRBR Group 2 (person, family, corporate body) • FRBR Group 3 (concepts, objects, events, places)
IME-ICC General principles (2009) General principles: • Convenience of the user. • Common usage. • Representation. • Accuracy. • Sufficiency and necessity. • Significance. • Economy. • Consistency and standardization • Integration. “The rules in a cataloguing code should be defensible and not arbitrary. It is recognized that these principles may contradict each other in specific situations and a defensible, practical solution should be taken.” See http://www.ifla.org/files/assets/cataloguing/icp/icp_2009-en.pdf
RDA (2010) • Scope: support of basic user tasks from FRBR (FISO) and FRAD (FICJ) • Principles: guided by IME-ICC: • Differentiation, sufficiency, relationships, representation, accuracy, attributions, language preference, common usage or practice, uniformity • Core Elements: • Guided by FRBR/FRAD “high value” elements to support user tasks, ISBD mandatory elements
Summary IME/ICC FRBR/FRAD AACR2 Stockholm Seminar • RDA is a convergence of a number of cataloguing codes, principles, and initiatives Paris Principles ETC.