1 / 40

Professor Dr. Jin BQ Dept. of Food Sci. & Nutrition

Minerals & Elements. Professor Dr. Jin BQ Dept. of Food Sci. & Nutrition. §1 Intriduction. Distribution In the Earth: In the Body: 20 kinds mainly, >70 kinds Influence: Earth, Water, Food. 元素周期表. *. Classification. 1 Macro-elements: or Minerals, Salts

judah-potts
Download Presentation

Professor Dr. Jin BQ Dept. of Food Sci. & Nutrition

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Minerals & Elements Professor Dr. Jin BQ Dept. of Food Sci. & Nutrition

  2. §1 Intriduction • Distribution • In the Earth: • In the Body: 20 kinds mainly, >70 kinds • Influence: Earth, Water, Food

  3. 元素周期表 *

  4. Classification 1 Macro-elements: or Minerals, Salts >0.01% in the body 7 kinds: Ca, P, Na, K, Mg, Cl, S 60-80% in total minerals Unit: g 2 Microelements: <0.01% or <0.005% in the body Unit: mg, µg

  5. 3 Essential Microelements: FAO/WHO in 1995: 10 kinds Cu, Co, Cr, Fe, F, I, Mn, Mo, Se, Zn WHO in 1973: 14 kinds Fe, Cu, Zn, I, Mn, Co, Mo, F, Se, Sn, Be,Ni, Si, V No substitute materials in body 4 Toxic Microelements: Pb, Cd, Hg, As 5Others: Al, Li and so on

  6. Typicality • Only from food and drink • Variety in different organs • Assisting and anti-assisting • Small quantity in body

  7. Physiological function • Important ingredients in body • Maintaining the balance of pH, osmosis and penetration in cell or in body • Transduction of Muscle and Nerve • Synthesis of functional materials

  8. Deficiency • Distribution in the environment • Inhibitors in foods • Losing in food processing • Special requirement for human • Delaying action

  9. Safety Range (< 85%)

  10. §2 Calcium • The first element in the body • Content: Adult 850-1200g in total Infant 28g at born ≌1.5-2.0% in BW • Renew: Adult 2-4% one year, 700mg/d >45 age 0.7% a year Baby 1-2 year in total p106-108

  11. Distribution • 99% in Bone and Teeth • 1% in body liquid (miscible calcium pool)* 2.1 In blood: 46%-link-protein 6.5%-salt 47.5%-ion-Ca 2.2 Total Content in serum: relative stability [Ca+2] = 2.25-2.75 mmol/L

  12. Effective Factors 1 The ratio of Ca : P in food (1-2:1) 2 Special materials in vegetables (fiber, oxalic /phytic acid) 3 Hormones in body 4 Vitamin D/Sunny 5 Aging

  13. Ca function • Ingredient for bone and teeth • Improving enzyme activity • Maintaining nerve and muscle action with Mg, Zn • Others

  14. Ca Absorption & Metabolism • Absorbed Position: in small intestine Active transfer by ATP & Vit.D 2. Absorption in food = 10-30% 3. Most excreted by feces 20% in urine 30% in sweat 100-150mg/dl in milk 4. Deposit in bone & teeth 5. Exchange in blood

  15. Recommended Dietary Allowance RDA • For Chinese adults 1 RDA: 800mg/p/d in 1998 2 AI: 1000 mg/p/d 3 NOAEL: 1500mg/p/d 4 UL: 2000mg/p/d 5 Requirement: 1g Ca/100g protein in food FDA/WHO: 400-500mg/d at total

  16. Good Sources & Improving • Milk & its products • Shrimp, meat, egg • Ca Supplement • Vit.D, lactose, Isoflavones Diseases • Bone loss/osteoporosis • Richets • Tetany

  17. §3 Phosphorus, P p109-110 • Content: Adult 650g in total ≌1% in BW ¼ in salt • Distribution • 85-90% in Bone and Teeth • 10-15% in body liquid Total Content in Serum: 0.87-1.45 mmol/L Adult Total Content in Serum: 1.45-2.78 mmol/L Child

  18. P Function • Important ingredient in bone & teeth • Taking part in energy metabolism • Ingredient of RNA & DNA, membrane • Ingredient of enzyme • Adjusting the balance of acid-alkali P Absorption & Metabolism • Absorbed in small intestine • Absorption: 60-70% in mixed food • Excreted by 2/3 urine

  19. P RDA/DRIs RDA 700mg/p/d AI 700mg/p/d NOAEL 1500mg/p/d UL 3500mg/p/d

  20. Food sources • Cereals (richer) • Aquatic products • Meat, Poultry • nuts

  21. §4 Magnesium, Mg p110-112 • Content: 20-35g/70kgBW, 0.05% in total • Distribution: 60-70% in bone 27% in muscle 6-7% in other tissues 1% in blood • Normal range in serum: 20-30mg/L

  22. Mg Function • Improving enzyme activity • Maintaining nerve and muscle action* Smooth/relax muscle (similar to Ca) • Ingredient for Gut (MgO) RDA300-350mg/d Mg+Cl

  23. §5 Sulfur, S • Content: 0.25% • Distribution 1 S-protein, Met, Cys 2 Others: Vit.B2, Insulin, Biotin, CoA • Function with protein 1 Ingredients for growing factor, ossein/artilage 2 Taking part in many biochemical action • Excretion: 85-90% in urine

  24. §6 Iron, Fe p113-115 • Essential microelement • Deposition: 3-5g Adult, 0.004-0.006% in Body • Distribution 60-70% Hemoglobin 3% Myoglobin; 1% enzyme-Fe • Storage: 30% in ferritin & hemosiderin • Normal range: Male 120-140g/L Female 110-130g/L

  25. Fe Function • Inner-respiration in tissue • Carrying O2 • Keeping normal blood creative/ RBC • Others: Vit.A Transferrin Lipids carrier

  26. Fe Absorption & Metabolism • Absorption in small intestine (Fe2+) • Excretion: 90% in feces • Effects 1 Foods 2 Drug/diseases 3 HCl, Inn in stomach 4 Vit. C: , B12

  27. Fe RDA/DRIs • RDA Male-12mg/d, Female-18mg/d • AI 15-20mg/d • UL 50mg/d Good Source Meat, liver, egg…… Disease Anemia Oxidation

  28. §7 Iodine, Ip115-117 • Deposition 20-50mg, 0.5mg/kg BW • Distribution: 70-80% in thyroid gland (12-18mg) 16.2%T4 7.6%T3 33.4%T2 32.7%T • Function: Thyroid 3 kinds • Absorption and Metabolism: Total in 3hs • Deficiency or over: Area, anti-factors in food • RDA/DRIs: RNI 150-200µg/d; UL 1000µg/d • Good source: Aquatic products

  29. 碘缺乏：地方性甲状腺肿 胎儿期（呆小病） 克汀病 碘过量: 甲状腺癌 碘强化食物: 碘盐

  30. §8 Zinc, Zn p118-119 • Deposition: 2-2.5g in total; 2nd trace element • Distribution: All of oranges 75-80% in RBC; 3-5% in WBC • Function: Ingredients of enzymes (200 kinds more) Promoting growth Improving immune, appetite, mucosa Keeping membrane structure • Absorption and Metabolism: 20-30% in small intestine with Fe, Cu---- • Deficiency or over: >2g/d • RNI 15/11.5mg/d UL 45/37mg/d • Zn rich in food: Aquatic products, animal food

  31. §9 Selenium , SeP120-121 • 1957 Chinese experts identified Se function in human • Deposition 14-20 mg in body • Distribution: Variety in cells or in organs • Function type: Se-Met from food Se-Cys /active in body -CH3 GSH-Px 4 kinds of function

  32. Absorption: small intestine • Excretion: most in urine litter in lung or sweat • Deficiency or over: Area and food/water 克山病/14省 Toxin/恩施 白肌病 大骨节病 生殖障碍 • RNI 50ug/d UL 400ug/d

  33. §10 Copper, Cu*p121-122 • Content: 50-120mg • Distribution: 50-70% in muscle & bone 20% in liver 5-10% in blood • Function: 4 kinds • Absorption: 40% in small intestine • Excretion: 80% in feces • Metabolism: 90%-binding protein in blood • Deficiency or over: Anemia; Toxin • RNI 1.25mg/d, AI 2.0mg/d, UL 8mg/d

  34. §11 Chromium, Cr3+*p122-123 • Content: 5-10mg • An Ingredient of glucose tolerance factor, GTF (1957) • Function: increasing insulin action, HDL and apol-a • Absorption: litter in gut • RNI 50-200ug/d in US; AI 50ug/d UL 500ug/d • Food sources

  35. §12 Fluorine，F*p124 • Content: 2.9g, most in bone and teeth • Function: Bone & teeth, nerve • Absorption: 75-90% in small intestine • Excretion: 50-80% in urine, litter in feces or skin • Over: Effect on Ca absorbing • AI 1.5mg/d, UL 3.0mg/d

  36. §13 Manganese, Mnp125-126 • Content: 200-400µmol • Normal range in blood: 200nmol • Function: 4 kinds • Absorption: 2-15% in small intestine • Excretion: >90% in feces • Deficiency: 关节病，关节囊水肿，运动失调 • AI 3.5mg/d UL 10mg/d • Food sources

  37. §14 Cobalt, Co*p126 • Content: 1.1-1.5mg in body • An Ingredient in Vit. B12 • Function: For RBC, N. • Deficiency : Effect on RBC and I absorbing • Toxin: Pure • AI 60µg/d UL 350µg/d

  38. 思考题 1何为宏量元素，又称为？ 2何为微量元素，为什么 3食物提供的Ca和P 如何搭配易于吸收 4 Ca的重要性是什么 5一般情况下容易缺Zn吗 6哪些人群易出现缺Fe性贫血 7 I缺乏会产生何种不良症状 8 Se的重要性 9 近年对氟的认识 10 二价元素的互作关系？

More Related