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MISMO: Outline

MISMO: Outline. Masaki Katsumata (JAMSTEC) Richard H. Johnson (CSU) Kunio Yoneyama (JAMSTEC) Kazuaki Yasunaga (JAMSTEC). Sites in MISMO Intensive Observation Period. RS+DR. Radar. RS. SfcMet. 100E. IOP: Oct.24 – Nov.25, 2006 (33 days). R/V Mirai + buoy MISMO SuperSite. JEPP-HARIMAU

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MISMO: Outline

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  1. MISMO: Outline Masaki Katsumata (JAMSTEC) Richard H. Johnson (CSU) Kunio Yoneyama (JAMSTEC) Kazuaki Yasunaga (JAMSTEC)

  2. Sites in MISMO Intensive Observation Period RS+DR Radar RS SfcMet 100E IOP: Oct.24 – Nov.25, 2006 (33 days) R/V Mirai + buoy MISMO SuperSite JEPP-HARIMAU Sumatera SuperSite Maldives Is. JEPP/JAMSTEC/NOAA Buoy network

  3. MISMO Core Observation Area Hulhule Is. Radiosonde AWS、GPS R/V Mirai Doppler Radar Radiosonde Wind Profiler CTD etc. Gan Is. Doppler Radar Radiosonde AWS、GPS、 Ceilometer, etc. Three Radiosonde Sites – Array (Oct.31-Nov.26)

  4. Outline of the Observation Period OLR and mode analyses Enable Budget Analyses (26 days) IR-TB MJO Kelvin n=1 ER Convectively Active Phase OLR mode analyses after Wheeler and Kiladis (2001) contour: 7.5W/m^2, negative only

  5. Stepwise Mostening <-> Eastward-Propagating Cloud MSE IR-TB Stepwise growth of the moist layer Eastward-Propagating Cloud Signal (EPCS) (spd: 8m/s e’ward)

  6. Synoptic-Scale Variance Q1 Large heating and drying when EPCS passed Q2 Q1-Q2-QR Active eddy transport of MSE when EPCS passed MSE Stepwise growth of the moist layer

  7. Averaged profiles of Q1 and Q2 : MISMO and TOGA/COARE frequency [%] 1 2 3 4 8 12 16 20 color: MISMO contour: TOGA/COARE Red: MISMO Black: TOGA/COARE Less moistening in lower troposphere Bottom-heavy Heating / Drying TOGA-COARE result is from Johnson and Ciesielski (2000)

  8. Rainfall: by budget analyses, satellites, and sfc instruments Convectively active period Budget vs. Sfc. Inst. 40 Avg.RR [mm/day] Precip. [mm/day] 12.16 20 6.60 11.08 0 Budget vs. Satellites 40 12.16 10.73 Precip. [mm/day] 20 8.21 11.33 10.61 0 Day in Nov. 2006 Small difference in average Large discrepancies in temporal variation

  9. Simulating budget analyses Theoretical Wind Field with TOGA/COARE-like heating (Schubert and Masarik 2006) + MISMO array Obs. Sfc. Div.

  10. Westward-propagating signal of vorticity • Vorticity shows the clear westward-propagating signal. • Cloud clusters developed at the intersection of the eastward-propagating VP and westward-propagating Vor.

  11. Summary • MISMO succeed to capture the period leading up to the ISO (MJO?) convectively active phase. • Synoptic-scale stepwise growth of the moist layer was observed when eastward-propagating cloud signal (EPCSs ) passed. • The EPCS resembles to the frictional moist Kelvin wave. • The Q1 and Q2 are relatively “bottom-heavy” than in TOGA/COARE. Especially moistening (negative Q2) appeared not frequently as in TOGA/COARE. • The estimated Q1 and Q2 might ambiguous on the Rossby-wave component. KEYS - Equatorial waves / disturbance (both in synoptic- and large-scale) - (relatively) bottom-heavy heating profile

  12. Missing in MISMO / Desired in next • Capture end of active phase, or more significant event • next: LONGER PERIOD • Accurate Q1 and Q2 in active phase • next: ENHANCED SOUNDING ARRAY • Transformation and eastward moving to the Pacific • next: WIDER AREA • “normal” large-scale condition (without strong IOD) • next: MORE FINGERS TO BE CROSSED

  13. Reserves

  14. Large-scale EASTward-Propagating Signals

  15. Large-scale WESTward-Propagating Signals Oct.16 Nov.16 Dec.16

  16. Possible Improvement MISMO array MISMO array +1 (Rectangular)

  17. Slow Gravity / Kelvin Waves: Previous studies • Frictional Kelvin： • Ohuchi and Yamasaki (1997) • < theoretical study > • … is destabilized by moderate heating at lower levels under the control of surface friction… • . … has phase velocities of less than 10m/s … • … the convergence in the boundary layer exhibits a phase shift slightly eastward relative to the convergence aloft …. Gravity Wave： Tulich and Mapes (2008) < using 2D CRM >

  18. Rainrate-normalized profile, with previous studies Superimposed on Lin and Johnson (1996)

  19. Shallow Heating ? Q1 TOGA/COARE: about +0.4 Q1 diff 0.4 0.15 Bottom heavy  Top heavy Q1 diff = { ave(600hPa-300hPa) -ave(900hPa-600hPa) } / SfcRain Marshall: about +0.15 Each EPCS packet include bottom-heavy-type heating part in their leading part

  20. Observed Precipitating Systems Q1 Echo top height Shallow Convection Exists For certain amount MSE

  21. Vertical Structure: resemblance to Kelvin Wave qv’ t’ u’ @16km Straub and Kiladis (2003) Eastern Pacific

  22. Low CIN and High CAPE  Surface Divergence and SST CAPE CIN Sfc Div. QuikSCAT SST R/V Mirai

  23. Evolution of the vertical structure MSE MISMO Kemball-Cook and Weare (2001) MSE 3-yr avg Q1 MISMO Q1 COARE Kiladis et al. (2005)

  24. Large-scale EASTward-Propagating Signals

  25. Large-scale WESTward-Propagating Signals Oct.16 Nov.16 Dec.16

  26. Large-scale n=1 Rossby  PW anom Westward Prop. High PW anom n=1 ER MISMO

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