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C H A P T E R

QUIT. 16. C H A P T E R. Life at the Turn of the 20th Century. CHAPTER OBJECTIVE. INTERACT WITH HISTORY. TIME LINE. Science and Urban Life. 1. SECTION. MAP. Expanding Public Education. 2. SECTION. GRAPH. Segregation and Discrimination. 3. SECTION. The Dawn of Mass Culture. 4.

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C H A P T E R

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  1. QUIT 16 C H A P T E R Life at the Turn of the 20th Century CHAPTER OBJECTIVE INTERACT WITH HISTORY TIME LINE Science and Urban Life 1 SECTION MAP Expanding Public Education 2 SECTION GRAPH Segregation and Discrimination 3 SECTION The Dawn of Mass Culture 4 SECTION VISUAL SUMMARY

  2. CHAPTER OBJECTIVE HOME 16 C H A P T E R Life at the Turn of the 20th Century To analyze significant turn-of-the-20th-century trends in such areas as technology, education, race relations, and mass culture

  3. HOME 16 C H A P T E R Life at the Turn of the 20th Century I N T E R A C T W I T H H I S T O R Y It is the summer of 1893. In Chicago, the World’s Columbian Exposition is in full swing. Besides Thomas Edison’s kinetograph—a camera that records motion, attractions include a towering “Ferris wheel” that lifts trolley cars into the sky and the first hamburgers in America. More than 21 million people will attend the exposition. You will be one of them. How will the latest technology change your life? Examine the Issues • How can technology contribute to new forms of recreation? • What types of inventions transform communications? • Why would mass media emerge at this time?

  4. TIME LINE 1878Bicycle touring club is founded in Europe. 1883Construction of the Brooklyn Bridge is completed. 1884Fifteen-nation conference on the division of Africa convenes in Berlin. 1888Electric trolleys are first introduced. 1889Barnum & Bailey Circus opens in London. 1899German psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud publishes The Interpretation of Dreams. 1891Ida B. Wells crusades against lynching. 1896Supreme Court establishes “separate-but-equal” doctrine in Plessy v. Ferguson. 1900William McKinley is reelected. 1901McKinley is assassinated. Theodore Roosevelt becomes president. 1904Theodore Roosevelt is elected president. HOME 16 C H A P T E R Life at the Turn of the 20th Century The United States The World continued . . .

  5. TIME LINE 1910Mexican Revolution begins. 1908Henry Ford introduces the Model T. William H. Taft is elected president. 1914World War I begins in Europe. 1912Woodrow Wilson is elected president. 1916Woodrow Wilson is reelected. HOME 16 C H A P T E R Life at the Turn of the 20th Century The United States The World

  6. 1 S E C T I O N Science and Urban Life HOME MAP KEY IDEA Advances in science and technology address urban problems, including lack of space and inadequate systems of transportation and communication. OVERVIEW ASSESSMENT

  7. 1 S E C T I O N Science and Urban Life •Frederick Law Olmsted •Daniel Burnham •Louis Sullivan •George Eastman •Orville and Wilbur Wright HOME MAP OVERVIEW MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW American cities continue to depend on the results of scientific and technological research. Advances in science and technology helped solve urban problems, including overcrowding. TERMS & NAMES ASSESSMENT

  8. 1 S E C T I O N Science and Urban Life ASSESSMENT 1. 1. 1. Bridges Photography Trains 2. Skyscrapers 2. Linotype machine 2. Subways 3. Urban planning 3. High-speed printing presses 3. Airplanes 4. Parks 4. Electric streetcars HOME MAP 1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. List three to four important changes in city design, communication, and transportation. City Design Communication Transportation continued . . .

  9. 1 S E C T I O N Science and Urban Life ASSESSMENT HOME MAP 2. If you had been an urban planner at the turn of the century, what new ideas would you have included in your plan for the ideal city? Think About: •Olmsted’s plans for Central Park •Burnham’s ideas for Chicago •the concept of the garden city ANSWER POSSIBLE RESPONSES:Additional recreational facilities; an increased number of parks; skyscrapers; electric transit; steel-cable suspension bridges continued . . .

  10. 1 S E C T I O N Science and Urban Life ASSESSMENT HOME MAP 3. Which scientific or technological development described in this section had the greatest impact on American culture? ANSWER POSSIBLE RESPONSES: • air travel • low-cost printing • urban planning continued . . .

  11. 1 S E C T I O N Science and Urban Life ASSESSMENT HOME MAP 4. How did bridge building contribute to the growth of cities? ANSWER Outward expansion of cities; increased travel to and from cities; encouraged technological advance in other areas; catalyst for upward growth; skyscrapers End of Section 1

  12. 2 S E C T I O N Expanding Public Education HOME GRAPH KEY IDEA The impulses of moral uplift and economic necessity spur changes in education, a rise in national literacy, and the promotion of high culture. OVERVIEW ASSESSMENT

  13. 2 S E C T I O N Expanding Public Education •Booker T. Washington •W. E. B. Du Bois •Niagara Movement •Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute HOME GRAPH OVERVIEW MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW Reforms in public education led to a rise in national literacy and the promotion of public education. The public education system is the foundation of the democratic ideals of American society. TERMS & NAMES ASSESSMENT

  14. 2 S E C T I O N Expanding Public Education ASSESSMENT HOME GRAPH 1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. List at least three developments in education at the turn of the 20th century and their major results. Development Result 1. 1. Compulsory education Literacy increased 2. Growth of high schools 2. College enrollments increased 3. Racial discrimination 3. All-black colleges founded continued . . .

  15. 2 S E C T I O N Expanding Public Education ASSESSMENT HOME GRAPH 2. How might the economy and culture of the United States have been different without the expansion of public schools? Think About: •the goals of public schools and whether those goals have been met •why people supported expanding public education •the impact of public schools on the development of private schools ANSWER Less economic growth, immigrants slower to adapt to American life, decrease in college enrollment continued . . .

  16. 2 S E C T I O N Expanding Public Education ASSESSMENT HOME GRAPH 3. Compare and contrast the views of Booker T. Washington and W. E. B. Du Bois on the subject of the education of African Americans. ANSWER Du Bois: liberal arts education to produce African-American leaders Washington: acquiring useful skills and teaching diploma in order for African Americans to be of economic value to society End of Section 2

  17. 3 S E C T I O N Segregation and Discrimination HOME KEY IDEA African Americans lead the fight against institutionalized racism in the form of voting restrictions and Jim Crow laws. OVERVIEW ASSESSMENT

  18. 3 S E C T I O N Segregation and Discrimination •Ida B. Wells •Jim Crow laws •debt peonage •poll tax •segregation •Plessy v. Ferguson •grandfather clause HOME OVERVIEW MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW African Americans led the fight against voting restrictions and Jim Crow laws. Today, African Americans have the legacy of a century-long battle for civil rights. TERMS & NAMES ASSESSMENT

  19. 3 S E C T I O N Segregation and Discrimination ASSESSMENT HOME 1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. Review the section, and find four key events that occurred between 1890 and 1900 to discuss in further detail. Early 1900s Mexicans settle in the Southwest. 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson 1890s Ida B. Wells’ anti-lynching campaign; Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois emerge as leaders. 1900 New York City race riot continued . . .

  20. 3 S E C T I O N Segregation and Discrimination ASSESSMENT HOME 2. How did segregation and discrimination affect the lives of African Americans at the turn of the 20th century? ANSWER African Americans were victimized by voting restrictions, Jim Crow laws, and the “separate but equal” doctrine established by Plessy v. Ferguson. continued . . .

  21. 3 S E C T I O N Segregation and Discrimination ASSESSMENT HOME 3. What did some African-American leaders do to fight discrimination? ANSWER Ida B. Wells fought lynching; Homer Plessy took his case to the Supreme Court; Booker T. Washington advocated a gradual approach to racial equality; W. E. B. Du Bois founded the NAACP. continued . . .

  22. 3 S E C T I O N Segregation and Discrimination ASSESSMENT HOME 4. How did the challenges and opportunities for Mexicans in the United States differ from those for African Americans? Think About: •the types of work available to each group •the effects of government policies on each group •the effect of the legal system on each group ANSWER • POSSIBLE RESPONSES: • Mexicans in the United States faced discrimination, but it was not legalized as was discrimination against African Americans. • There were job opportunities for Mexicans, but they were low-paying. End of Section 3

  23. 4 S E C T I O N The Dawn of Mass Culture HOME KEY IDEA Americans have more time for leisure activities, and a modern mass culture emerges, especially through newspapers and retail advertising. OVERVIEW ASSESSMENT

  24. 4 S E C T I O N The Dawn of Mass Culture •rural free delivery (RFD) •Joseph Pulitzer •Ashcan school •Mark Twain •William Randolph Hearst HOME OVERVIEW MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW As Americans had more time for leisure activities, a modern mass culture emerged. Today, the United States has a worldwide impact on mass culture. TERMS & NAMES ASSESSMENT

  25. 4 S E C T I O N The Dawn of Mass Culture ASSESSMENT Leisure Modern Mass Culture Emerges Culture HOME 1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. List examples of how modern mass culture emerged for both categories listed in the diagram? bicycling tennis baseball newspapers popular fiction continued . . . libraries

  26. 4 S E C T I O N The Dawn of Mass Culture ASSESSMENT HOME 2. How did American methods of selling goods change at the turn of the 20th century? Think About: •how city people did their shopping •how rural residents bought goods •how merchants advertised their products ANSWER Goods were advertised or sold in mail-order catalogs, newspapers and magazines, railroad signs, billboards, and shopping centers. End of Section 4

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