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GNSS Denial and Astro Navigation. Causes of GNSS Denial. GNSS aerial damage or other defects Accidental Interference Hostile Jamming and Spoofing Loss or damage to the GNSS satellites Loss or damage to one or more satellite Ground Tracking Stations
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Causes of GNSS Denial • GNSS aerial damage or other defects • Accidental Interference • Hostile Jamming and Spoofing • Loss or damage to the GNSSsatellites • Loss or damage to one or more satellite Ground Tracking Stations • Sunspots, Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) and Geomagnetic Storms
GNSS Denial - Countermeasures • Coastal or Pilotage Waters • Oceanic Waters • IMO – Compliant ECDIS • ECDIS Reversionary Mode (if available) • WECDIS • NATO STANAG 4564 Edition 2 • Astro Training
GNSS Denial and AstroNavigation:The Objectives • Convince mariners that GNSS is vulnerable • Convince mariners they should have a realistic alternative oceanic means of establishing their position – Astro! • Encourage and inform mariners about the existence and capability of UKHO’sNAVPAC software
GNSS Denial and AstroNavigation:The Objectives • Convince mariners that GNSS is vulnerable • Convince mariners they should have a realistic alternative oceanic means of establishing their position – Astro! • Encourage and inform mariners about the existence and capability of UKHO’sNAVPAC software
Hearts-and-Minds Campaign • Advertise GNSS Denial vulnerability • Promote and advertise NAVPACfrom UKHO - in the context of ‘GNSS Denial’ • Regulatory bodies endorse and recommend NAVPAC to all nautical colleges and shipping companies • Encourage keeping-up personal astroand ECDIS / WECDIS‘reversionary method’ skills as part of on-going professional development and training
SUMMARY - Causes of GNSS Denial • GNSS aerial damage or other defects • Accidental Interference • Hostile Jamming and Spoofing • Loss or damage to the GNSS satellites • Loss or damage to one or more satellite Ground Tracking Stations • Solar CME activity
SUMMARYGNSS Denial and AstroNavigation -1:The Objectives • Convince mariners that GNSS is vulnerable • Convince mariners they should have a realistic alternative oceanic means of establishing their position – Astro! • Encourage and inform mariners about the existence and capability of UKHO’sNAVPACsoftware
SUMMARYGNSS Denial and Astro Navigation – 2:The ‘Heart-and-Minds’ Methods • Advertise GNSS Denial vulnerability • Promote and advertise NAVPACfrom UKHO - in the context of ‘GNSS Denial’ • Regulatory bodies endorse and recommend NAVPAC to all nautical colleges and shipping companies • Encourage keeping-up personal astroand ECDIS / WECDIS‘reversionary method’ skills as part of on-going professional development and training