Superconducting Magnet R&D Programs at Fermilab

1. Advanced Accelerator R&D sub-panel at Fermilab Superconducting Magnet R&D Programs at Fermilab Giorgio Ambrosio February 15th, 2006 High Field Magnet Program (HFM) Focusing Magnets for Linear Colliders (ILC/PD)

2. Magnet R&D at Fermilab • Fermilab has long (~30 years) and successful history of SC accelerator magnet R&D • Tevatron, Low Beta Quads, SSC dipoles, VLHC superferric transmission-line, LHC IR Quads, HFM dipoles • This is because Fermilab has the need to push accelerator magnet development to accomplish its mission • And has therefore built infrastructure and nourished expertise to pursue this mission SC Magnet R&D programs at Fermilab

3. High Field Magnet program • The main mission of the HFM program is the development of next generation SC accelerator magnets with operating fields above 10 T at 4.5 K and large operation margin • Presently focus on Nb3Sn and Wind-and-React technology •  Sufficient aperture, field quality, acceptable dynamic effects •  Design and technology compatible with scale-up and industrialization • The development of high-performance IR quadrupoles for LHC luminosity upgrade by LARP perfectly fits our mission and provides focus for our efforts SC Magnet R&D programs at Fermilab

4. short sample limit Present Status - I • Found limitation of present high-current-density Nb3Sn conductors, understood cause, presented problem to community, and successfully implemented solution • Contributed to: conductor development, heat treatment optimization, stability threshold measurement and computation “The tremendous accomplishments of these last two years confirm the strength of the group” The expertise developed in these years and the infrastructure that exists or is under procurement, constitutes a vital asset for LARP” Jan 06 HFM review closeout (L. Rossi, chair) SC Magnet R&D programs at Fermilab

5. Present Status - II • Developed a robust Nb3Sn coil fabrication technology with several new features suited for length scale-up and industrialization • Ceramic binder for insulation, water-jet technology for end-parts, reaction procedure with azimuthal and pole gaps, segmented tooling with “gentle-transfer” procedure, splice design and procedure, • All these features have been adopted for LARP quadrupoles • Developed Nb3Sn magnet design and assembly technology allowing significant reduction in cost and assembly time, and easily scaleable to full length accelerator magnets • 4 ½ months for dipole magnet test, 3 months for dipole coil test SC Magnet R&D programs at Fermilab

6. Present Status - III • Demonstrated field quality reproducibility in Nb3Sn accelerator magnets, developed simple and effective passive correction of coil magnetization effect, and are studying dynamic effects • Measured field quality in 5 Nb3Sn cos-theta dipoles (unprecedented) • and their dynamic effects (unprecedented)  understanding and reducing largest deviations (by feedback into coil fabrication and assembly technology) Passive correction effectiveness The passive correction has reduced the sextupole variation in the field range of 1.5-4 T during the field up-ramp from1910-4 to 410-4 (Rref = 10 mm) SC Magnet R&D programs at Fermilab

7. Infrastructure Fermilab developed unique infrastructure to perform SC magnet R&D: • Capability for both short and long magnet fabrication and tests Magnet development facility: • IB3 (16000 sq ft) for short SC magnet R&D • By April 2006 all infrastructure forNb3Sn magnets up to 6m Magnet test facilities: • Vertical Magnet Test Facility (VMTF) to test SC magnets up to 4m long • Horizont. Magnet Test Facility (HMTF) to test SC magnets up to 15m long Supporting Labs: • SC R&D Lab - Short Sample Test Facility with 17 T and 16 T solenoids • Material Lab - material mechanical and electrical tests, microscopes, etc. • Cable Development Lab -compact cabling machine, re-spooler, The infrastructure is being tailored to meet program needs SC Magnet R&D programs at Fermilab

8. ILC/PD program – I • NbTi magnet development for linear accelerators: • Proton Driver Magnets • Front End Solenoids • Require bucking coils to reduce field near RF cavities • Plan: 1st prototype cold mass tested by Sept 2006 • ‘High beta’ section quadrupoles • Plan: 1st prototype tested by May 2007 • ILC Magnets • Cryomodule Quadrupoles & Steering Dipoles • Stringent alignment (5m) and stability requirements (few m) • Other SC Magnets • Correctors, … SC Magnet R&D programs at Fermilab

9. ILC/PD program – II • Magnet system design and cost estimate • ILC BCD/RDR/BCE • Design & Cost Estimates • Conventional and Superconducting Magnets • Technical Systems definitions Note: The ILC requests are rapidly evolving SC Magnet R&D programs at Fermilab

10. Plan – I (Medium term) • GOAL: to develop fabrication technology for long Nb3Sn coils increase probability of success of LARP 4m Long Quadrupole (FY2009) • How: fabricate and test 2m and 4m long Nb3Sn shell-type dipole coils by February 2007 • Advantages: • Risk mitigation: complementary to LARP Long Racetrack • Diversity: will use conductor, insulation, mech. structure different from LARP Long Racetrack • Tooling and infrastructure qualification before LARP Long Quadrupoles (will be fabricated and tested at FNAL) SC Magnet R&D programs at Fermilab

11. Plan – II (Medium term) • Material R&D, Magnet design studies, and Model Magnet development to increase probability of success of LARP magnet program, continue development of Nb3Sn magnets, support ILC magnet program • Materials: strand and cable R&D; test new conductors and insulation (rad-hard) in small racetrack and short dipole coils  FNAL long term goals + LARP risk mitigation + responding to external requests: Nat. Conductor Development, ILC, Muon • Design studies: support LARP DS and explore alternative designs (LARP diversity) • Model magnets: ILC magnet prototypes; add flexibility to LARP by fabrication and test of short models in response to possible problems, change of coil design or fabrication technology, … SC Magnet R&D programs at Fermilab

12. Plan – III (Medium/Long term) • LARP Second phase (2010-2012) • New IR design and full-size (6m) IR quadrupole prototype • LHC IR upgrade project (~2013-2015) • fabrication and test of IR quads for the LHC high luminosity upgrade • ILC quadrupoles • Magnets for future accelerators: (Muon collider/SR, future hadron colliders, …) • Nb3Sn: Wind-and-React vs. React-and-Wind  cost estimate and industrialization • new HFM technologies based on alternative/complementary superconducting materials (HTS, MgB2, …) SC Magnet R&D programs at Fermilab

13. Projected Actual or budgeted HFM budget and resources Present resources: 5 physicists 8 engineers 2 designers 9 technicians (~22 FTEs) + support. staff (~27 FTEs) • Present Core Program budget ~$2.9-3M/year and present LARP Magnet R&D budget will allow reaching LARP goals and HFM long term goals • The continuity of the core program allows for continued growth in expertise and infrastructure  we are able to respond quickly to the needs of the field SC Magnet R&D programs at Fermilab

14. Conclusions: benefits to HEP Our current programs will give: • Availability of reliable fabrication technology for use of Nb3Sn magnets in future accelerators • Reliable quench performance and field quality, and acceptable dynamic effects in Nb3Sn accelerator magnets • High luminosity upgrade of the LHC • Prototypes of actively shielded small solenoids and small quads for the ILC and for FNAL Proton Driver SC Magnet R&D programs at Fermilab