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CONTESTING HISTORY OPPOSING VOICES. 7: Peasant Uprisings or Terror Campaign? Conflict in Rural Ireland, 1750-1798. Conflict in Rural Ireland, 1750-1798. Post 1745: key questions of Catholic loyalty to the Crown and the repeal of Penal Laws 1756-63: Seven Years War
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CONTESTINGHISTORYOPPOSINGVOICES 7: Peasant Uprisings or Terror Campaign? Conflict in Rural Ireland, 1750-1798
Conflict in Rural Ireland, 1750-1798 • Post 1745: key questions of Catholic loyalty to the Crown and the repeal of Penal Laws • 1756-63: Seven Years War • 1756: Formation of the Catholic Association • 1760: Formation of the Catholic Committee • 1760s: Whiteboy (Buachaillí Bána)outbreaks in Munster – against enclosure, high rents for potato plots, & Tithes – oath-taking society • 1763: Oakboys in Ulster – against County Cess & Tithes • 1766: Fr Nicholas Sheehy executed • 1770-2: Steelboys in Ulster
Conflict in Rural Ireland, 1750-1798 • 1775-6: American War of Independence • 1778: Volunteers formed • 1778-82: start of the repeal of the Penal Laws • 1784: outbreak of violence between Catholic and Protestant weavers in Armagh Triangle • Protestant Peep-o-Day boys – raiding houses of Catholics • Catholic Defenders • 1780s: Rightboys - for Tithe reduction • Peep-o-Day boys recruited by Protestant gentry into volunteers • Defenderism became an underground secret society
Conflict in Rural Ireland, 1750-1798 • 1789: French Revolution • 1791: United Irishmen formed • 1795: Orange Order founded • 1798: Rebellion • General causes: • Economic: rising population, land shortage, growing poverty – agrarian discontent • Political: disaffected local elites, disgruntled Catholics at failure to pursue reform to its full extent • Social: radical education – French ideas – sense of Irishness
Conflict in Rural Ireland, 1750-1798 • Further Reading: • Bartlett, Thomas, The Fall and Rise of the Irish Nation: The Catholic Question 1690-1830 (Dublin, 1992). • Donnelly, J. S., ‘The Whiteboy Movement, 1761-5’, Irish Historical Studies, xxi (1978-9), 20-59. • Donnelly, J. S., ‘Irish agrarian rebellions: the Whiteboys of 1769-76’, Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, 83, section C (1983), 293-332. • Magennis, Eoin, ‘’A “Presbyterian Insurrection”? Reconsidering the Hearts of Oak disturbances of July 1763’, Irish Historical Studies, xxxi (1998-9), 165-87.