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CREATING AMERICAN CULTURE

CREATING AMERICAN CULTURE. Cultural Nationalism Literature / Art Values / Virtues Religious Reforms Women’s Reforms Slavery & Abolition Economics & Immigration. American Virtues / Values (Republican Virtues). Self-Reliance

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CREATING AMERICAN CULTURE

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  1. CREATING AMERICAN CULTURE Cultural Nationalism • Literature / Art • Values / Virtues Religious Reforms Women’s Reforms Slavery & Abolition Economics & Immigration

  2. American Virtues / Values(Republican Virtues) • Self-Reliance • Hard Work / Sacrifice • Frugality (don’t waste…save) • Moral Values • Honor • Integrity • Humility

  3. Romance Era Writers (American Literature - themes) *nature of man, *struggles of evil, morality • Washington Irving • Rip Van Winkle / The Legend of Sleepy Hollow • Nathaniel Hawthorne • The Scarlet Letter • Herman Melville • Moby Dick • Edgar Allen Poe • “father of modern short story”

  4. Patriotic Art

  5. Greek & Roman CLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE

  6. The GREAT AMERICAN WILDERNESS

  7. A myth of the West as a land of romance , opportunity and adventure emerged. • Manifest Destiny • ".... the right of our manifest destiny to over spread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty and … self-government entrusted to us. It is right such as that … for the full expansion of its principle and destiny of growth."

  8. (Transcendentalism) Ralph Waldo Emerson Henry David Thoreau (2nd Great Awakening) Charles Finney Religious – Spiritual Movements Lead to Social Movements

  9. The Rise of Popular Religion In France, I had almost always seen the spirit of religion and the spirit of freedom pursuing courses diametrically opposed to each other; but in America, I found that they were intimately united, and that they reigned in common over the same country…Religion was the foremost of the political institutions of the United States. -- Alexis de Tocqueville, 1832 R1-1

  10. Second Great Awakening (Religion) Kentucky & Tennessee Evangelical – Protestant – Revivalists Movement(Religious Change from Within) (Activist Expression of Faith / Conversion) New Churches and Denominations( Baptist, Church of Christ, etc..) New Congregational Churches (Congregation LEADS the Church) Express “New Birth in Christ” with your actions and Good Deeds Transform your life & Society HUGE Impact on Society (explosion of Social Change) African Americans Christians Southern Worship / Teaching Bible Huge impact on Slaves in South / Anti-Slavery Sentiments A.M.E. Church (North)

  11. Revivals Spread

  12. The Second Great Awakening “Spiritual Reform From Within”[Religious Revivalism] Social Reforms & Moral Ideals of Liberty & Equality Education Temperance Abolitionism Asylum &Penal Reform Women’s Rights

  13. SpiritualReligious(NO moral authority) (Moral Authority) Transcendentalists(spiritualism)worship of Nature – the Individual “Transcend” the limits of intellect and allow the emotions, the SOUL, to create an original relationship with the Universe”. (Belief in:) • Self-Directed Faith • Self-Created GOD • They rejected all Secular Authority, the Law, the authority of Organized churches, the Scriptures, Conventional Values or Ideas of Morality

  14. Transcendentalists(spiritualism) Ralph Waldo Emerson – personal emotions (your feelings guide you) Henry David Thoreau (French Enlightener) simplicity, anti-materialism, anti-society Unitarian Movement (spiritualism) Logic & Reason over emotions to perfection Utopian Societies (perfect society) Anti Industrial Society Movement

  15. Utopian Societies (perfect society) Create their own society (opposite of current) Combine Individual Freedom with Common Ownership (Socialism) *doesn’t work Richard Owen New Harmony, IN

  16. Penitentiary Reform Dorothea Dix (1802-1887) 1821  first penitentiary foundedin Auburn, NY R1-5/7

  17. Dorothea Dix Asylum - 1849

  18. Education Reforms Religious TrainingSecular Education *early IVY League * other training MA  always on the forefront of public educational reform * 1st state to establish tax support for local public schools. By 1860 every state offered free public education.* US had the highest literacy rates in the world.

  19. Education Reform Expands • Northwest Ordinance of 1787 required SCHOOLS to be built within the town • Mass. & Vermont compulsory Education Laws • Universal Public Education 1850’s • Public Tax Supported School • Teaching Values – Citizenship • REPUBLICAN VALUES • McGuffy Readers Textbook • Horace Mann / school reformer • Father of American Education

  20. the McGuffy Readers • Used religious parables to teach “American values.” • Teach middle class morality and respect for order. • Teach “3 R’s” (Reading, wRiting & aRithmatic) • + “Protestant ethic” (Republican Virtues) (frugality, hard work, humility, sobriety) R3-8

  21. Women Educators Troy, NY - Female Seminary * curriculum: math, physics, history, geography. * train female teachers Emma Willard(1787-1870) 1837  she establishedMt. Holyoke [So. Hadley, MA] as the first college for women. Mary Lyons(1797-1849)

  22. Cult of Domesticity The 2nd Great Awakening inspired women to improve society. Lucy Stone Angelina Grimké Sarah Grimké American Women’sSuffrage Assoc. Edited Woman’s Journal Southern Abolitionists R2-9

  23. Women’s Rights Movement • Laws Limit Women’s Rights (customs – Cult of Domesticity) • Religious Inspiration / Social Concerns Abolition Movement / Women’s Rights • Sarah & Angelina Grimke • 1836 Appeal to Christian Women of South • Southern ABOLITIONISTS

  24. R2-6/7 Women's Rights Movement 1840  split in the abolitionist movement over women’s role in it. London World Anti-Slavery Convention (NO Women allowed) Elizabeth Cady Stanton Lucretia Mott 1848 Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments

  25. Women’s Rights Movement • Religious Inspiration / Social Concerns Abolition Movement / Women’s Rights • Laws Limit Women’s Rights (customs – Cult of Domesticity) • Sarah & Angelina Grimke • 1836 Appeal to Christian Women of South • 1840 World Anti-Slavery Convention – women excluded • Seneca Falls Convention

  26. Seneca Falls Convention(1st) Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton Women’s Suffrage - (right to vote) Education -by 1890 2,500 graduate from colleges Elizabeth Blackwell (1st Medical Dr.) -1857 starts 1st U.S. school of Nursing Dorethea Dix (Improve prisons /Mental Hospitals)

  27. Temperance Movement 1826 - American Temperance Society“Demon Rum”! Frances Willard The Beecher Family R1-6

  28. “The Drunkard’s Progress” From the first glass to the grave, 1846

  29. Temperance Movement • Abstinence (NOT drink alcohol) • Fix social problems by attacking the root of the problems

  30. Alcohol consumption as it relates to major SOCIAL PROBLEMS: • Abuse • Lack of Parenting • Crime • Poverty • Etc…. • Will lead to PROHIBITION in the 1900’s • NO making, selling, distribution of Alcohol

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