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Establishing the Republic: The Jeffersonians

Establishing the Republic: The Jeffersonians. Chapter 13. 13-1: Jefferson’s First Term. Elected in 1800 Simple inauguration Promised to work with Republicans and Federalists alike. The New Administration. Wanted a “wise and frugal government” Cut backs Not too many changes

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Establishing the Republic: The Jeffersonians

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  1. Establishing the Republic:The Jeffersonians Chapter 13

  2. 13-1: Jefferson’s First Term • Elected in 1800 • Simple inauguration • Promised to work with Republicans and Federalists alike

  3. The New Administration • Wanted a “wise and frugal government” • Cut backs • Not too many changes • Decided to pay off the national debt • Cut money from other programs like the army, navy, and state department

  4. The Tripolitan War • Jefferson wanted to save money so he stopped paying off the Barbary pirates and sent the navy to protect American ships • Sultan of Tripoli demanded money from US • Navy blockaded the harbor of Tripoli and Marines seized the port • US won, but Americans continued to pay of countries on the Barbary Coast • Showed US needed to be able to defend itself

  5. New Appointments • Jefferson removed 105 Federalists from office and replaced them with Republicans

  6. Jefferson and the Midnight Judges • Adams passed the Judiciary Act of 1801 to try to get more Federalists into power • Jefferson repealed it and passed the Judiciary Act of 1802 which allowed him to put more Republicans in power • Republicans tried to impeach Supreme Court Justice Samuel Chase, but they decided judges could only be impeached for criminal conduct

  7. The Marshall Court • Adams appointed John Marshall as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court • He was a Federalist, but a lot like Jefferson • Brought prestige to the Supreme Court

  8. The Marbury Decision • Marbury v. Madison (1803) • Established judicial review – first case in which the Supreme Court declared an act of Congress to be unconstitutional

  9. McCulloch v. Maryland • 1819 • Struck down a Maryland law that tried to tax the Second Bank of the US • Said a state law could not interfere with a federal law • Said Congress could do what was necessary to carry out duties that the Constitution did not specifically forbid

  10. The Louisiana Purchase • Spain secretly gave Louisiana Territory to France in 1800 • Napoleon sold Louisiana Territory to US for $15 million • Doubled the size of the nation

  11. Lewis and Clark Explore the West • Congress sent Meriwether Lewis and William Clark to explore the new territory • Left from St. Louis, Missouriand ended at the mouth of the Columbia River • Sacajawea joined them as guide and translator • Increased knowledge of plants, animals, and people of North America • Mapped route for future explorers

  12. Zebulon Pike • Led unsuccessful expedition to find the source of the Mississippi River from 1805-1806 • Explored between Arkansas and Red rivers and saw the mountain later named Pike’s Peak

  13. 13-2: Jefferson’s Second Term • Elected again in 1804

  14. The Fate of Aaron Burr • Burr was part of a plan to have the northern states break away from the Union • Hamilton ruined his plans • Burr challenged Hamilton to a duel, which he accepted • Hamilton fired into the air while Burr killed him

  15. Burr fled to avoid being charged with murder • Burr sailed down the Ohio to the Mississippi • He was part of another plan to break away from the Union • Tried for treason but not convicted

  16. The Leopard and the Chesapeake • British were stopping American ships and attempting to seize, or impress, sailors • The Leopard, a British ship, stopped The Chesapeake, an American ship in US waters • Demanded to search the ship for British naval deserters • Chesapeake refused, so the Leopard opened fire, killing 3 and wounding 18

  17. Outraged Americans, but they couldn’t do much about it – naval funding had been cut

  18. Trade Restrictions • American trade ships carrying goods to Europe were in danger from both France and Britain • Trade brought much growth and prosperity to America

  19. The Embargo • Embargo Act passed in December 1807 • Outlawed all exports of American goods • Forbade American ships from trading with foreign nations • Harmed America more than France of Britain • Smuggling trade grew • Forced to repeal it in 1809 right before his presidency ended

  20. 13-3: James Madison, President • Elected in 1808 • Republican from Virginia

  21. Tecumseh’s Confederation • Natives lost much land to the people on the frontier • Tecumseh wanted to form a confederation to lead the fight against their losses

  22. Battle of Tippecanoe • William Henry Harrison, the governor of the Indiana Territory, attacked the natives at Tippecanoe • Harrison’s troops won and destroyed the natives town • Harrison looked like a hero, but he had made enemies with the confederation

  23. Nonintercourse Act • Passed in 1809 after the embargo was repealed • Allowed trade with all nations except Great Britain and France until they ended restrictions on American shipping

  24. Macon’s Bill Number Two • Removed all restrictions on trade • If either France and Britain would honor American rights, the US would impose restrictions on the other country

  25. Napoleon announced he would repeal French restrictions • America stopped trade with Britain • Britain decided to honor American shipping rights after Madison had asked Congress to declare war on Britain

  26. War of 1812 • See reading handout and notes handout for more information

  27. Madison’s Economic Plans • Second Bank of the US • Regulate currency and prevent counterfeits • Protective tariff • Encourage the growth of manufacturing • Internal improvements • Roads • Tie parts of the country more closely together

  28. 13-4: The Era of Good Feelings • James Monroe became president in 1816 • From Virginia • Republican

  29. The Administration of Monroe • Nickname for his presidency: Era of Good Feelings • His secretary of state: John Quincy Adams • Territory added: East and West Florida • Treaty signed: Adams-Onis Treaty

  30. The Missouri Compromise • Proposed by: Henry Clay • Year passed: 1820 • Three main provisions: • Missouri admitted to the Union as a slave state • Maine admitted to the Union as a free state • All new states north of the 36⁰ 30’ N to be free, all states south of the line to be slave states

  31. Monroe Doctrine • Territory affected: the Americas • Year announced: 1823 • Two American demands: • No new colonies could be created in the Americas • European countries were to stay out of the affairs of newly independent nations

  32. Monroe Doctrine • Two American promises: • The US would not interfere with established European colonies in the Western Hemisphere • The US would not interfere in the internal affairs of European nations

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