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Review! Vocabulary

Review! Vocabulary . The tendency of an organism to maintain a stable, constant internal environment. homeostasis. The body’s internal temperature. Core temperature. The body’s external temperature. surface temperature.

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Review! Vocabulary

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  1. Review! Vocabulary

  2. The tendency of an organism to maintain a stable, constant internal environment

  3. homeostasis

  4. The body’s internal temperature.

  5. Core temperature

  6. The body’s external temperature.

  7. surface temperature

  8. A specialized porous structure in the leaf of a plant that helps it achieve internal balance.

  9. stomata

  10. Specialized cells of the nervous system which relay signals to the spinal cord and brain.

  11. Sensory Neurons

  12. An involuntary response that happens internally.

  13. Physiological Response

  14. A response that is outwardly observed that is consciously controlled.

  15. Behavioral Response

  16. A response that is outwardly observed that is NOT consciously controlled.

  17. Reflex

  18. This system is made up of the brain, the spinal cord, and the nerves that are found throughout the body and regulates automatic responses.

  19. Nervous System

  20. A type of cell in the nervous system that produces, sends, and receives signals.

  21. Neurons

  22. A type of nerve cell that protects, supports, and insulate neurons.

  23. Glial Cells

  24. A specialized part of the brain that is part of the nervous and endocrine system and regulates physiological processes like water balance, body temperature, feeding, and sleep.

  25. Hypothalamus

  26. A body system made up of glands that releases hormones.

  27. Endocrine System

  28. Chemical messengers that travel through the bloodstream.

  29. Hormones

  30. Proteins that fit the shape of a hormone similar to a “lock and key.” Once the hormone is bound, the cell is ready to respond.

  31. Receptors

  32. A hormone released from the pituitary gland during dehydration causing kidneys to reabsorb more water and less water to be excreted in urine.

  33. Vasopressin

  34. A gland that is part of the hypothalamus and releases vasopressin

  35. Pituitary Gland

  36. A system that keeps automatic responses from vastly changing internal conditions.

  37. Feedback Systems

  38. A system that shuts off a response that the body originally had because it was out of balance. i.e. water balance and hypothalamus stops releasing vasopressin

  39. Negative Feedback

  40. A feedback system that adjusts internal conditions towards the initial condition. i.e. Blood clot, so you send more clotting fibers to reduce blood loss.

  41. Positive Feedback

  42. The nervous system senses the outside environment and initiates a series of reactions in the body to allow the body to respond. The endocrine contributes to homeostasis by producing hormones or chemical messengers that carry out a process that helps restore balance in the body. How does the endocrine system and the nervous system each contribute to maintaining homeostasis?

  43. Explain the role that sensory neurons play in the maintenance of homeostasis in the human body. • Sensory neurons receive signals and trigger the brain to respond to external stimuli.

  44. Describe the general way that feedback systems work to adjust internal conditions in response to change. • A positive feedback system adjusts the body internally towards an initial condition. Oxytocin/child birth is positive feedback.

  45. Describe the general way that feedback systems work to adjust internal conditions in response to change. • A negative feedback system stops the response that the body had to being out of equilibrium. For example, when one goes from dehydrated to hydrated vasopressin causes the kidneys to absorb more water. Once the person is hydrated, negative feedback tells the hypothalamus to stop producing vasopressin..

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