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The New Consciousness

Explore the evolution of consciousness from Enlightenment to Romanticism, the impact of scientific discoveries on society, and the philosophical and psychological shifts towards self-discovery and empowerment. From Nietzsche's Nihilism to Freud's Psychoanalysis, discover the seeds of a new consciousness challenging old norms and values.

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The New Consciousness

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  1. The New Consciousness The madman jumped into their midst and pierced them with his eyes. "Whither is God?" he cried; "I will tell you. We have killed him - you and I.”- Friedrich Nietzsche Parable of the Madman

  2. The shifting Zeitgeist G. W. F. Hegel“the spirit of the times”The 18th Century Enlightenment Universal Reason & Revolution The 19th Century Romanticism / Nationalism Chauvinistic / Imperial Exploitation

  3. Whither humanity? “Positivists” still search for order... …but is that order benign, helpful? There is objective, measurable truth in society and nature….but does learning this encourage us or depress us? Are the strong bound to help the weak, or to devour them? REVOLUTION & EVOLUTION

  4. Darwin’s Dangerous Idea 1. Science and exploration- Alex. Von Humboldt; Charles Lyell- Transmutation of Species “old earth” creation Galapagos journey 1835

  5. 2. The Origin of the Species(1859)- Natural Selection 3. The Descent of Man (1871)- cosmological revolution

  6. Implications Social Darwinism“survival of the fittest” Racism/ Anti-Semitism Class exploitation

  7. Ecological Awareness Scientific medicine Anthropology

  8. Seeds of the New Consciousness Lack of confidence w/ “progress” Resistance to “mass identity” Challenge to cultural, natural constancy Disdain for global community, cooperation Impatience with the Enlightenment“Age of un-Reason”

  9. A. Philosophy • Friedrich Nietzsche- Nihilism = repudiation of imposed values- no order, meaning but what we give- consensus kills creativity • Wille zur Macht (Will to Power)- imposition of will- the Over-man Existentialism, anarchism, fascism(?)

  10. B. Psychology • Sigmund Freud- the Unconscious - repudiation of tabula rasa- individual v. society 2. Psychoanalysis- fulfillment comes from introspection

  11. C. Art 1. Impressionism- rejection of “ideal” beauty- real life, natural beauty

  12. 2. Expressionism- distort reality to create emotional effect

  13. D. Science • Albert Einstein – Theory(ies) of Relativity- mass, energy curve spacetime- alternative to Newtonian physics 2. Physical laws may be constant- but observation may be relative

  14. Corruption of Western culture • competition / nationalism • racism, anti-semitism, Social Darwinism • extremist, anti-liberal political ideologies - anarchism, bolshevism, fascism, militarism • Relativism - Is there Truth, constancy in nature or society?

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