CoAX – Coalition TIE Technology Integration Experiment

1. DARPA CoAX – Coalition TIE Technology Integration Experiment AFRL Rome, AIAI, Boeing, Dartmouth, DERA Malvern, Lockheed Martin ATL, Michigan, OBJS, USC/ISI, UWF/IHMC Support from BBN, GITI, ISX, MITRE, MIT Sloan, Schafer, Stanford Coalition Agents eXperiment (CoAX) http://www.aiai.ed.ac.uk/project/coax/

2. Briefing Outline • Aims and Contributions • Demonstration • Next Steps and Summary

3. Context • Increasing military requirements for coalition operations • Belief that agent computational model is a good fit to meet coalition interoperability requirements • US and UK Agent Research Programmes • US DARPA Control of Agent Based Systems (CoABS) • UK DERA Agents Project • Need for “middleware” such as is provided by CoABS Grid Infrastructure

4. Aim of Coalition TIE • To address unique aspects of coalition operations through the development and evaluation of: • agent domain management services • agent task, process and event management services • Aim will be met through delivery of: • Phased technical demonstrations of increasing complexity • Connection of a variety of diverse agent systems • Development of generic Coalition-oriented grid services • Requirements: • Use of a wide variety of different agent systems • Use of existing military (non-agent) applications

5. Key Coalition Drivers • Different cultures, doctrines, and languages: • Different doctrine, decision making, rules of engagement and, in general, mission “agendas” • Command authorities - agreement and transfers • Different interpretation of situational information • Incompatibility of respective national information systems: • Different technology skill and equipment levels • Lack of information systems resource sharing agreements • Variable reliability of components and infrastructures • Lack of compatible security architectures • Need for rapid configuration and reconfiguration by personnel with limited training • Limited models for coalition force operations Derived from LeRoy Pearce (Canadian MOD), 1999

6. Key Technical Drivers • Cannot assume interoperability, reliability or availability of different nations systems • Need for partial (secure) sharing and visualization of processes, data and facilities • Need to work with agents in multiple dynamically determined domains • Need for flexible inter-agent task, process & event management • Need for rapid formation, management and change of agent relationships

7. Agents on the Grid AODB Agent (LM-ATL) Observer Agents (Dartmouth) eGents E-mail Agents (OBJS) Malicious Agents (IHMC) Web Weather Agent (USC/ISI) … DARPA CoABS Grid (GITI, ISX) Military Systems CAMPS (AFRL,GITI, BBN) MBP (DERA) … Agent Grid Services Task and Process Management (AIAI) Domain Management Services (IHMC, Boeing) Asynchronous Wireless Connectivity (OBJS) Plan Deconfliction (Michigan) CoAX Components Agent Frameworks KAoS Agents (Boeing, IHMC) NOMADS Mobile Agents (IHMC) EMAA/CAST Agents (LM-ATL) D’Agents (Dartmouth) eGents (OBJS)

8. Agent Domain Management in CoAX • Broadens typical distributed security concerns to include: • Access management: Who can access what services? • Registration management: Who can join the domain under what circumstances? • Resource management: Who can have which kind and how much of a given computing resource? • Mobility management: What constraints should be placed on mobile code? • Communication management: What constraints govern interaction between conversing agents? • Obligation management: Are agents meeting their commitments? Initial capability shown in 9-month demo Initial Capability slated for 18-month demo Initial capability slated for 30-month demo

9. Task, Process, and Event Management in CoAX • Initially maintains an overview of the current status of the coalition C2 processes in accessible shared military terms. • Can take on and address “issues” in the C2 process. • Later adds the ability to monitor, plan and control the coalition C2 processes and deal with events arising from execution. • Links to and assists with domain management, authority, exception management and other Grid management services. • To be packaged as generic task and process management facilities that can be made available to other Grid applications. Initial capability shown in 9-month demo Initial Capability slated for 18-month demo Initial capability slated for 30-month demo

10. Demo Overview • Focus on information-gathering phase of a Coalition Operation • First interoperation of agent-wrapped legacy and existing US and UK systems (AFRL/BBN/GITI CAMPS and DERA MBP) • Agents and domains • 6 agent domains and ~25 agents • USC/ISI Ariadne agent providing publicly-available weather info • Initial AIAI Process Panel • Domain management functionality • Malicious observer agent thwarted by IHMC KAoS domain management and NOMADS resource control mechanisms • IHMC KAoS Policy Administration Tool (KPAT) administering communication, registration, and resource policies • Stand-alone demonstrations: • MIT exception handling • U. Michigan plan deconfliction • Dartmouth ‘observer agents’ • OBJS eGents

11. Briefing Outline • Aims and Contributions • Demonstration • Next Steps and Summary

12. UK Country 'Domain' Other Nation's 'Domain' US Country 'Domain' JFAC HQ's Organizational 'Domain' JTFHQ's Organizational 'Domain' Tactical Air Operations Functional 'Domain' Coalition Domain Types

13. Gao Intel Dbii DM2 Intel2 MM2 Dbi JTF HQ JFAC HQ PP' US MM3 MBP DM3 Intel1 DM4 MM4 AL Plan Weather Viz Observers (Intel) AODB MM1 MM5 DM1 DAO DM5 Gao Obs. LM-ATL CAMPS Ariadne GAO AODB Weather ALDB NOMADS Guarded “Observers” Current DemoAgents and Domains

14. Cape Amstado Kaso Lagoon Jacal Caca Daka Mawli Amisa White Caca Afram Pra Ofin Kapowa Cape Vincent Ankobra Tana Black Caca Binni - Gateway to theGolden Bowl of Africa Rathmell, R.A. (1999) A Coalition Force Scenario 'Binni - Gateway to the Golden Bowl of Africa', In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Knowledge-Based Planning for Coalition Forces, (ed. Tate, A.) pp. 115-125, Edinburgh, Scotland, 10th-11th May 1999.

15. N W E S Forces separated by Firestorm Cape Amstado Kaso Lagoon GAO Jacal Caca LAKE CACA Daka Binni Gao forces Mawli Amisa White Caca Afram Pra FIRESTORM Ofin Agadez forces Kapowa Cape Vincent Ankobra Tana Black Caca AGADEZ

16. UN Secretary General National Grand Strategic Joint HQs UN SRSG Joint Force Land Component Commander (JFLCC in JFLC HQ) Staffs: G1 - 9 + Nat'l Reps Joint Force Maritime Component Commander (JFMCC in JFMC HQ) Staffs: N1 - 9 + Nat'l Reps Joint Force Air Component Commander (JFACC in JFAC HQ) Staffs: A1 - 9 + Nat'l Reps Coalition Maritime Units Coalition Land Units Coalition Air Units GRAND STRATEGIC MILITARY STRATEGIC OPERATIONAL TACTICAL GOVERNMENTS UN OGDs HOME BASE NGOs THEATRE US JTFC JOINT TASK FORCE HQ (JTF HQ) Staffs: J1 - 9 + Nat'l Reps Joint Task Force Commander Other Components: LOGISTICS, MARINES, SF etc GAO JFMCC JFLCC JFACC Nat'l Pers- onnel Nat'l Pers- onnel Nat'l Pers- onnel Binni Coalition - C2 Structure and Commanders' Responsibilities

17. Binni N Cape Amstado Kaso Lagoon W E 752 788 613 876 527 390 482 707 588 123 268 613 175 775 436 542 Jacal S Caca LAKE CACA Daka UGWULU BANDAR LAKI COSTA DEL MARIA SIKASSO Sago- town Asoba Gonobo Wazilla Suthertown Epidurango Aida Bisha Belucar Salisbury Nedalla St Andrews Sellerham Kingtown Wampimba Akimbo Kwanabouri Jamestown Grandvache Gambaga Kutchi Masembi Anguiba Higgville Achobo Libar Zatu Donga Langford Slabo Dinga Anala Saltpond Polia Bisa Kaso Komenda Laval Libretto Sandosta Sonara Deanville Kolla Wonka Slafito Diplombo Kamongo Jinja Brongo Lissa Elmina Bave Biloo Bonrope Gamba Antok Grandville Hakkali Tonka Dado Minga Adaido Sagiba Caca Dam Esuko Blackman Laponga Zaribe Nanga Mawli × × × × × Q Q Q Q Q Q Amisa White Caca Afram Pra Ofin Kapowa Cape Vincent Ankobra Tana Black Caca To Cecil Red Sea GAO To Segumbo To Pample To Tifillo To Cunmege Akwapim-Gao Range CACA REGION Gambaga Escarpment CACA REGION NORTHERN REGION BANDAR REGION Gao forces Atewa Ranga Kwahu Plateau WESTERN REGION ASHANTI REGION Zingato CENTRAL REGION Laki Safari Park Agadez Forces AGADEZ FIRESTORM UPPER REGION Caca Gorge EASTERN REGION False Agadez forces To Falo AGADEZ To Harra To Petit Paris To Escallope

18. Gao Intel JTF HQ JFAC HQ US Observers (Intel) Gao Obs. NOMADS Guarded “Observers” Observers Domain Structure MM DAO DM GAO

19. Briefing Outline • Aims and Contributions • Demonstration • Next Steps and Summary

20. Initial Planning Recovery Execution • Variable Organizations • An opponent • Campaign re-planning • Short-notice taskings • Operation execution • Execution monitoring • Reporting / feedback • Outcome assessment • Political aims • Military guidance • Campaign planning • Commander's intent • Deployment • Conflict resolution • Re-deployment • Peace support Dynamic / iterative uncertain More Linear Is the focus of the CoAX 18-month demo Is the focus of the current demo CoAX 30-month demo Covers all the above, plus greater levels of dynamic response and adaptation to changes in Coalition structures, capabilities and services. CoAX Demo Emphasis More Linear

21. 18-Month (July 2001) Demonstration Plan • More realism in coalition structures • All CoAX members integrated (9 domains and ~35 agents) • Coalition agents playing multiple roles in different domains • New policies provide additional robustness and responsiveness • Added functionality in process and task management • Increased scope of Binni scenario demonstration • Richer information gathering phase • Extend scope to execution phase with agent systems responding dynamically to events • Incorporating coalition functionality becomes easier • Package selected domain management functionality as KAoS grid helper

22. Dbiii UK Observers (Intel) Shared Intel3 MM7 MM5 DGO Intel1a DM5 DM7 DAO Gao Obs. MM8 DM8 Dbi GAO MM6 DM6 JFAC HQ US MBP MM2 DM4 DM1 MM4 MM1 AL Plan Intel2 DM2 AODB Gao Intel Plan Dec. Dbii Intel1 MM3 Met. PP MM9 CAMPS LM-ATL IM DM3 Weather Viz Coalition DM9 AODB ALDB EH Weather Ariadne 18-Month (July 2001) Demo Structure

23. 30-Month (July 2002) Demonstration Plan • Dynamic “come as you are” coalition formation • Dynamic creation of ‘virtual coalition organization’ • Agents and domains added to coalition structure ‘on-the-fly’ • Dynamic coalition tasks and processes • Tailored visualizations • Tools to improve human / software agent interaction • High-level tools usable without specialized training • Packaged task, process, and event management capabilities as generic Grid services

24. CoAX Message • Operational Message • Interoperability of different nations’ systems • Agility and robustness • Support to coalition and “virtual” organizations • Technical Message • Agents as an appropriate paradigm to facilitate interoperability of disparate systems • Middleware of CoABS Grid is valuable for rapid configuration • Utility of domain management and task/process management services

25. Further Information and Involvement • CoAX and Binni documentation available • 100+ page ‘living document’ describing CoAX contributions and Binni ‘FLASH’ scenario • http://www.aiai.ed.ac.uk/project/coax/ • We encourage further participation… • In addressing key coalition and technical drivers • In seeking operational opportunities • In seeking inter-program links • In future demonstrations

26. Object Services and Consulting, Inc. DARPA

28. Spare Slides • Demonstration Schedule • Coalition domains slide with final overlay to show the way in which a single person might span a variety of organizational, country and functional domains • Further summarization slide

29. Demonstration Schedule • 1-month demo in February 2000: showing direct connection between DERA MBP and LM-ATL AODB • 9-month demo in October 2000: • Brief the CoAX TIE and Binni scenario • Show integration of selected CoAX components • Show that selected components interoperate in a Binni-based scenario • Tell a relevant “story” about agents for information gathering phase • Additional stand-alone demos of other components • 18-month demo in July 2001: showing full integration of CoAX components in a rich coalition scenario: • Expanded scope to cover execution phase • Focal point to engage other nations and research teams • 30-month demo in July 2002: showing dynamic aspects of domain management and tasking

30. UK Country 'Domain' Other Nation's 'Domain' JTFC's (from the UK) Individual 'Domain' US Country 'Domain' JFAC HQ's Organizational 'Domain' JTFHQ's Organizational 'Domain' Tactical Air Operations Functional 'Domain' Coalition Domain Types

31. Summary • Coalition operations is a matter of high concern for the military and a great proving ground for agent research • Binni provides mature rich source of realistic scenario data • Actual military tools used in true cross-national collaboration—hope to expand to additional nations in the future • Seventeen partners cooperating in phased technical integration demonstrators • CoABS Grid provided necessary interoperability • Significant new research issues being addressed of both theoretical and practical significance