تاريخ العمارة الاسلامية

1. تاريخ العمارة الاسلامية تاريخ العمارة الاسلامية Islamic Architecture History

2. Mammluk Dynasty: 1250-1516 AC

3. Mammluk Dynasty: 1250-1516 AC • Fatima rulers often purchase Mamluks and prepared them to as guards or to fight with them • Mamluks feel and progress their power, controlled the country and became prisoners of their princes • The Mamluks feel anger with Turan Shah, kill him and appoint the throne for Queen shajarat Al-Dor (Om-Khalil) who continued for 3 months, then cut off the crown • The Mamlukes appoint the eight-yearold boy Al-Ashraf Al-Moosa and appoint Izz al-Din Turkmen Epic the holy guardian, who married shajarat Al-Dor (Om-Khalil)and took off the boy and domineer the Governing and ended the Ayyoub State

4. Characteristics of Mammluk Architecture • Rich care of mosques façades which reflected in the layers of horizontal Madamik of yellow stones and the other red • WindowsCavities and Hanaya ended with architectural decorations and Pendntives • Quran and historical Writing tapes crowned facades • Highlight the interface of the façades with the cavities and Hnaya the entrance is not at the center of the facade, but in one of the corners, and has some steps • Minaret is thin and moderate in height and has a cubic base and octagonal body , and the upper cylinder stages without a separate base, such as Qalawun,al-Nasir Muhammad ibn Qalawun,and Al-Zaher Bebars minarets • Beautiful doors with Islamic decorations like Seljuk decorations including Wezrat and colored marble- floors • Apses with creative art of mosaic and marble, such as the Sultan • Bargog Mosque and Sultan Hassan mosque are made of beautiful • marble or colors stone and Mosaic and not made of wood or plaste

5. The famous Mamluk Building • Sultan Hassan Mosque nad Madrasa • Bargog Mosque and Palace • AL-Zaher Babars Mosque • AL-Salihiyah Madrasa • Sultan Qalawoon Complex (Mosque, Madrasa,Dar Al-Amira Daughter of AL-Aziz Be-Allah Al-Fatimi) • Zawaiya ,Takaya, Bemarestans, and halls

7. Sultan Hassan Mosque and Madrasa The Mosque of Sultan Hassan located in Cairo, Salah al-Din square, and is considered one of the greatest and most Islamic monuments. The purpose of the establishment is for teaching of the four schools of thought

8. تطــــــور المسجد في العمارة الإسلامية الجامع منظور من السماء

10. The A mosque and school of Sultan Hassan in cairo is the largest building and most of His Excellency and group the advantages of Islamic Architecture • it Was built by King Sultan Nasser Hassan Bin Sultan Bin Nasser bin Sultan bin Mansour Qalawun King in 1356 for the teaching of Islamic four schools, in Mamluk-style with accommodation for overseas students • the area was the horse market with Bibga Yahyawi Deputy Sham Sultan, blew it down and built the madrasa in place • It said that his school iwan was built on the extent of Kisra Anu sherwan Iwan in latitude and longitude. • during the digging of basis in the ground found the money that spend for the building and found anchor boats • the establishment of the mosque cost a lot of money so that the Sultan was unable to show completion of construction and saying for not to be said that the king of Egypt was unable to complete construction of the building I want to stop the mosque due to the costs

11. تطــــــور المسجد في العمارة الإسلامية مسجد ومدرسة السلطان حسن

12. the mosque Designed by Engineer / Mohamed Ben Blake Mohsiny and Almgarizy says he does not know in the land of Islam any Temple simulates the Muslim mosque with its dome • The area of the mosque approximately 7906m2 with 150 m Length and 68 m width and 37.70 m high • the mosque has two minarets the old one height of 81.60 m and the other which destroyed in 1659Ac and renewed by Ottoman Minister Ibrahim Pasha in 1671 and it was planned to establish four minarets but the third fall, and did not begin building the fourth

14. The first thing front the entrance of the mosque, made of mosaic forms of Islamic geometric followed by a long corridor leading to the mosque court with a very good and beauty design • The court almost square in shape with a length of 34.60 meters, which is paved with marble. At the center is Maidaah topped by a wooden dome of eight marble columns and the dome did not exist one hundred and fifty years ago

15. تطــــــور المسجد في العمارة الإسلامية

16. Center courtyard with the fountain covered with a large dome

17. ’Maida’ah (Fountain

18. The Dome and lanterns in the courtyard of Sultan Hassan mosque

19. Mosque consists of open Court surrounded by four Iwans and designed on the basis of cruciferous planning, including four schools • attached with four small mosques of the great design surround the main mosque and the largest school is the Hanafiyah , • each of which consists of Iwan and court centred by maidaah and covered with vaults • the wide iwan located in the Qibla direction and has mihrab, mimber pulpit and the chair. And the grave is located behind the wall • the four schools surround the courtyard, and the largest of which is the Qibla Iwan framed of the highest reading Surat Al-Fateh with Kufic script the entrance 19.20 m height and 28 m depth centered with marble Dekka Al-mablagh and there was a large mihrab covered with coloured marble and colorful local leafy decorations interspersed with clusters of grapes, and adjacent to the mihrab, a marble pulpit with copper doo

20. جامع الرفاعي على اليمين وجامع السلطان حسن على اليسار

21. حائط القبلة

22. حائط القبلة

23. Qibla Iwan decorated with kofic script tape on the floor of flourishing plant • The mosque Signs of beauty and magnificence of the mihrab, with medals stares color marble mosaics, and beset by four marble columns, and his right the pulpit of white marble. • the mihrab has two doors leads to the dome behind and is connected to the mihrab, with two minaret on the corners decorated with gold and copper with the name of Sultan Hassan and the other lost decoration dome is square 21 m length of each side and 48 m high

24. Main Entrance in Sultan Hassan mosque

25. Entrance of Madrasa

26. Door decorated in layers in Sultan Hassan mosque

28. Detail of bronzen door of Sultan Hassan mosque

31. والقبة الأصلية تم إنشاءها برسم السلطان حسن وغطاء القبة الحالي ليس القديم حيث كانت القبة خشبية مكسوة من الخارج بالرصاص وكانت تعتبر كطراز القباب السمرقندية وسقطت القبة سنة 1661م وكانت أعظم ارتفاع من القبة الحالية وباطنها كان حافل بالنقوش . وقد جدد القبة الوزير إبراهيم باشا سنة 1671م The original dome was built by Sultan Hassan and making the cover of the dome is not where the old wooden dome was coated from the outside shot and was considered Ktraz Alsamarguendip domes and the dome fell in 1661 and was the greatest high dome of the current track and the subsoil was Balnicoc. The new dome minister Ibrahim Pasha in 1671

32. وتبلغ مساحة القبة 21 فى 21 مترا وارتفاعها 48 مترا بأركانها مقرنصات ضخمة من الخشب نقش أحدهما ليمثل ما كانت عليه باقى الأركان وتكسو جدران القبة بارتفاع ثمانية أمتار وزرة رخامية يعلوها طراز خشبى كبير مكتوب فى نهايته تاريخ الفراغ من بناء القبة القديمة سنة 764 هجرية. للمسجد وجهتان هامتان أولاهما الوجهة العمومية وطولها 150 مترا تحليها صفف مستطيلة تنتهى بمقرنصات ومفتوح فيها شبابيك لمساكن الطلبة وتنتهى من أعلى كما تنتهى الوجهة الشرقية والمدخل بكرنيش ضخم من المقرنص المتعدد الحطات والذى يبلغ بروزة حوالى 1.50 متر The area of the dome 21 in the 21 meters and 48 meters highMqrnsat massive pillars carved from wood, one to represent what it was the rest of staffAnd clothe the walls of the dome, up eight-meter marble loins above a large wooden model is written in the history of the end of the completion of the construction of the dome 764 Hijri year old. The mosque and the first of two important public destination and length of 150 meters analysis Juxtapose expires Bmqrnsat rectangular, open the windows of the homes of students and the higher end of the end destination Bkrnic East and the entrance of a huge multi-Almqrns Alahtat to emerge, which is about 1.50 meters

33. تطــــــور المسجد في العمارة الإسلامية مداخل المدارس الأربعة المشرفة على الصحن ومزررات أعتاب أبوابها دقة في صناعة النجارة العربية وتطعيمها مجسمة فى كرسى السورة الموجود بالقبة. باب المسجد النحاسى المركب الآن على باب جامع المؤيد فيعتبر مثلا رائعا لأجمل الأبواب المكسوة بالنحاس المشغول على هيئة أشكال هندسية تحصر بينها حشوات محفورة ومفرغة بزخارف دقيقة. وما يقال عن هذا الباب يقال عن باب المنبر. و على أحد مدخلى القبة بقى باب مصفح بالنحاس كفتت حشواته بالذهب والفضة على أشكال وهيئات زخرفية جميلة جديرة بإقناعنا بعظيم ما يحويه هذا المسجد من روائع الفن وما أنفق فى سبيله من أموال طائلة ازدحمت روائع الفن فى هذا المسجد فاشتملت على الثريات النحاسية والمشكاوات الزجاجية وهى تعتبر من أدق وأجمل ما صنع فى هذا العصر The entrances of the four schools in charge of the courtyard and down the threshold of accuracy Mzrrat woodworking industry in the Arab and vaccinated Polyphonic chair soorah existing dome. The door of the mosque compound is copper on the door of a mosque, is supporting a very good example of the most beautiful sections coated copper works in the form of geometric shapes including the limit charges and discharged carved decorations minutes. The argument for this is said about the open door forum. Portal and one for the dome stayed Kvtaat Hacoath copper plated with gold and silver forms and bodies of beautiful decorative Biqnaana great merit is aligned to this mosque, a masterpiece of art and spent in the process of a lot of money Crowded with masterpieces of art in the mosque were embracing the brass chandeliers and glass Almckawat is considered one of the most accurate and making the most beautiful in this age

34. The mosque seen from the Castle

35. The Dome over the entrance of Sultan Hassan mosque

36. Madrasa Design المسجد على نظام المدارس ذات التخطيط المتعامد إذ يستطرق الإنسان من المدخل الرئيس إلى دركاة ثم ينثنى يسارا إلى طرقة توصل إلى صحن مكشوف مساحته 32 فى 34.60 متر. تشرف عليه أربع إيوانات متقابلة ومعقودة أكبرها وأهمها إيوان القبلة تحصر بينها أربع مدارس لتعليم المذاهب الأربعة الإسلامية كتب على كل من أبوابها أنه أمر بإنشائها السلطان الشهيد المرحوم الملك الناصر حسن بن الملك الناصر محمد بن قلاوون Mosque on the school system planned orthogonal Isttrq rights as President of the entrance to be deterred by Drickap then left to beat a dish to an open area of 32 meters in 34.60. Sponsored by the four opposite Ieoanat and held the largest and most important of them limit the Qibla Iwan four schools for the education of the four schools of Islamic books to each of the doors it is the establishment of the Sultan Al-Nasser, the late King Hassan bin Mohammed bin Nasser, King Qalawun

37. المدارس يتكون كل منها من صحن مكشوف وإيوان القبلة ويحيط بالصحن مساكن للطلبة مكونة من عدة طبقات بارتفاع المسجد. ويتوسط صحن المسجد قبة معقودة على مكان الوضوء تحملها ثمانية أعمدة رخامية كتب بدائرها آيات قرآنية فى نهايتها تاريخ إنشائها 766 هجرية وتحيط بدائر إيوان القبلة وزرة رخامية يتوسطها المحراب وعلى يمينه المنبر الرخامى الذى يعد من المنابر الرخامية القليلة التى نشاهدها فى بعض المساجد Schools, each of which consists of an open dish and Qibla Iwan The A la carte housing for students, consisting of several layers up the mosque. In the middle of the mosque dome plate held on the place of ablution carried eight marble columns Bdairha wrote the verses of the Koran at the end of the inception of 766 H. The Qibla Iwan Bdair overalls marble mihrab Itustha his right and the marble pulpit, which is one of the few marble platforms that we see in some of the mosques

39. Majaz leading to the inner courtyard

40. َQibla Wall

41. Mihrab

42. The Minaret