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CHAPTER 4

CHAPTER 4. Duane A. Garrett & Jason S. DeRouchie A MODERN GRAMMAR FOR BIBLICAL HEBREW (B&H, 2009). Accent Shift and Vowel Changes. CHAPTER 4. Key Terms. דָּ/בָר אֱ/לֹ / הִים. Open syllable: CV Closed syllable: CVC Ultima: Last syllable of a word

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CHAPTER 4

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  1. CHAPTER 4 • Duane A. Garrett & Jason S. DeRouchie • A MODERN GRAMMAR FOR BIBLICAL HEBREW • (B&H, 2009)

  2. Accent Shift and Vowel Changes • CHAPTER 4

  3. Key Terms דָּ/בָר אֱ/לֹ /הִים • Open syllable: CV • Closed syllable: CVC • Ultima: Last syllable of a word • Penult: 2nd-to-last syllable of a word • Antepenult: 3rd-to-last syllable of a word • Tone syllable: The accented syllable • Pretonic: The syllable immediately in front of the accented syllable • Propretonic: The syllable immediately preceding the pretonic • Distant: Any syllable preceding the pretonic • Full vowel: All long & short vowels • Reduced vowel: Shewa and Hateph vowels/composite Shewas

  4. Syllable Definitions with בְּרָכָה and מִצְרַ֫יִם

  5. Vowel Transformation Rules

  6. E.g., Absolute שׁוֹפֵט > plural שׁוֹפְטִים

  7. Rules of Vowel Transformation

  8. Vowel Transformation Rules

  9. Vowel Transformation Rules • Accented syllables have full vowels (long or short, not reduced). • Open, unaccented syllables are long or reduced, never short. • Closed, unaccented syllables are short. • Open pretonics are generally long. • Open distants generally reduce to Shewa or composite Shewa. • Open distants with an unchangeable long vowels will not reduce. • If a distant syllable will not reduce, an open pretonic may (esp. with i- and u-class vowels) • Gutturals & רwill not double, resulting in compensatory lengthening. • At times, אwill “quiesce,” resulting in lengthening of preceding vowel 10. Vowel combinations that contract to single vowels when the accent is lost: E.g.,עֵין < עַ֫יִןandמוֹת < מָ֫וֶת

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