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The World of Viruses: Characteristics, Shapes, and Prevention

Explore the unique world of viruses - non-living particles made of DNA or RNA and protein. Discover their shapes, how they infect cells, and the importance of vaccines for prevention.

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The World of Viruses: Characteristics, Shapes, and Prevention

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  1. Warm up- 4/3 • Other than bacteria, what can make us sick?

  2. Good Things

  3. Title: Viruses

  4. Are Viruses Living or Non-living? • Biologists consider viruses to be non-living because: • Are not cells • Do not grow or respond to their surroundings • Cannot make food, take in food, or produce wastes • Viruses do not respond to stimuli. • They can only multiply in another living cell

  5. What are Viruses?Definition- • Viruses are non-cellularparticles made up of DNA or RNA and protein that can invade living cells.

  6. Characteristics • Non-living • Non-cellular • Contain a protein coat called the capsid • Have a nucleic acid containing either DNA or RNA • Capable of reproducing only when inside a HOST cell

  7. What do Viruses look like? • Viruses are unusual and different from other things in nature. • Viruses come in a variety of shapes • Some may be helical shape like the Ebola virus • Some may be polyhedral shapes like the influenza virus • Others have more complex shapes like bacteriophages

  8. Parts of the Virus Capsid Head DNA/RNA Tail Tail fibers

  9. Discovery of Viruses • Beijerinck (1897) coined the Latin name “virus” meaning poison

  10. Tobacco Mosaic Virus • Wendell Stanley (1935) discovered viruses were made of nucleic acid and protein

  11. Smallpox • Edward Jenner (1796) developed a smallpox vaccine using milder cowpox viruses Smallpox has been eradicated in the world today

  12. How can you catch a virus? • Exchanging bodily fluids • Insects and animals • Inhalation

  13. Cycles Lysogenic Cycle • Viral DNA • May stay inactive in host for long periods of time • Long lasting Lytic Cycle • Short and can be treated quickly

  14. PARASITISM • Viruses are parasites. • depends upon another living organism for its existence while it harms that organism.

  15. Herpes Virus SIMPLEX I and II

  16. Adenovirus COMMON COLD

  17. Influenza Virus

  18. Chickenpox Virus

  19. Papillomavirus – Warts!

  20. Vaccines • A weakened form of the virus which will allow your body to better fight it off when exposed to the full blown virus.

  21. Reducing the RiskThey can’t be treated but they can be prevented! • Cover mouth/nose when you sneeze of cough • Wash hands frequently • Avoid contact with the body fluids • Not foolproof but reduces the risks

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