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Timing Of USAP Ship-Based Resupply at McMurdo. McMurdo. McMurdo. ODEN Route. Vladimir Ignatyuk Route. Tanker Route. McMurdo. ODEN Route. Vladimir Ignatyuk Route. Cargo Ship Route. Tanker Route. McMurdo. ODEN Route. Vladimir Ignatyuk Route. Cargo Ship Route. Southern Ocean.
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McMurdo ODEN Route Vladimir Ignatyuk Route
Tanker Route McMurdo ODEN Route Vladimir Ignatyuk Route
Cargo Ship Route Tanker Route McMurdo ODEN Route Vladimir Ignatyuk Route
Cargo Ship Route Southern Ocean Tanker Route McMurdo ODEN Route Vladimir Ignatyuk Route
Southern Ocean: Vigorous Storms Damaged Containers Icing Destroyed Winches
Cargo Ship Route Southern Ocean Tanker Route Ross Sea McMurdo ODEN Route Vladimir Ignatyuk Route
2003 2006 2009 2004 2007 2005 2008 % Pack Ice Cover on 5 February Ross Sea: Select time for passage when open water corridor exists 10 of 11 years open 2012 2010 2013 2011
Cargo Ship Route Southern Ocean Tanker Route Ross Sea McMurdo Sound McMurdo ODEN Route Vladimir Ignatyuk Route
Optimization for Ship Time Southern Ocean Select time for passage when storms are less likely Use state of the art weather information to time crossing Ensure ship suitability for withstanding storms Ross Sea Select time for passage when open water corridor exists Use state of the art ice information to route ships through ice Provide icebreaker escort McMurdo Sound Select time for passage when ice edge at maximum southern extent Select time for passage when ice is at its weakest Provide icebreaker escort
Ross Sea: Use state of the art ice information to route ships through ice % Pack Ice Cover 18 Jan 2009
McMurdo Sound: Select time for passage when ice edge at maximum southern extent
McMurdo Sound: Select time for passage when ice edge at maximum southern extent
McMurdo Sound: Select time for passage when ice is at its weakest First Year Sea Ice
Ice at Weakest Ice Growth
Summary of earliest arrival considerations: • No earlier than ~5 December for arrival of icebreaker (based on strength of McMurdo Sound ice) • No earlier than ~15 January for arrival of icebreaker (based on extent of McMurdo Sound ice) • No earlier than ~25 January for first supply ship (based on Ross Sea pack ice) 27 January for First Ship Arrival
Summary of latest departure: • No later than late April (based on northern growth of McMurdo Sound fast ice edge) • No later than middle March (based on shipping channel re-freezing) • No later than than ~14 February (based on probability of open water in Ross Sea) 14 February for Last Ship Departure