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Challenges to Security Sector Reform

30 July 2005. Challenges to Security Sector Reform. Roland Friedrich DCAF Consultant. What means Security Governance?. Security governance: Organisation and management of the security sector

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Challenges to Security Sector Reform

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  1. 30 July 2005 Challenges to Security Sector Reform Roland Friedrich DCAF Consultant

  2. What means Security Governance? • Security governance: Organisation and management of the security sector • Security sector: All bodies responsible for the protection of the state and its constituent communities

  3. Security Sector includes: • The armed forces, police and intelligence agencies • The institutions that formulate, implement and oversee security policy: legislative, executive and judiciary

  4. What means SSR? • Bringing security governance in line with democratic standards • There are five components: • 1. A constitutional and legal framework, which constitutes the separation of powers between government, parliaments and justice courts and clearly defines the tasks of the security sector

  5. 2. Civilian control and management of the security sector by the government, with a clear division of responsibility between civilians and the military • 3. Parliamentary control and oversight of the security sector (including powers such as approval of security budgets, security-related laws, security strategy and planning, weapons procurement, and inquiries and investigations)

  6. 4. Judicial control in the sense that the security sector is subject to the civilian justice system • 5. ‘Public control’ of the security sector through a security community that represents civil society, including political parties, NGOs, independent media and think tanks

  7. What are the challenges to SSR? • Developing the adequate SSR strategy: • No single model: SSR differs from country to country • Special conditions of each country heavily influence the progress of SSR • If the specific political, economic and social context is not taken into account, reform is likely to fail

  8. Ownership and inclusiveness: • SSR means changing very powerful institutions: Are key security actors willing to reform? • SSR should be built upon the broadest possible consensus among local actors: Are all relevant actors included in the process?

  9. Comprehensiveness: Reform efforts should be directed at all components of the security sector: • Armed forces, police, intelligence • Executive • Legislature • Judiciary and penal system • Civil society

  10. Sequencing of SSR: • SSR is much more process than end-point • Process with 4 operational dimensions: • Strengthening democratic control • Professionalisation of security forces • Demilitarisation and peace-building • Strengthening rule of law • How will these elements be sequenced, linked and balanced?

  11. Sustainability: • SSR is more than the institutionalisation of laws and practices: It is a social process that may take a long and complex path • Like democracy itself, SSR is an ongoing process in which no society will ever achieve perfection

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