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Oceanography - 101

Oceanography - 101. Ru Morrison UNH Coastal Observing Center. Where?. (From Bigelow, 1927). Surface Salinity (Winter). Oceanographic Disciplines. Physical - stratification Chemical - nutrients Biological - phytoplankton. 1) Physical Oceanography. Seasonal Stratification.

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Oceanography - 101

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  1. Oceanography - 101 Ru Morrison UNH Coastal Observing Center Seasons in the Sea 2006 Teacher Workshop

  2. Where? Seasons in the Sea 2006 Teacher Workshop

  3. (From Bigelow, 1927) Surface Salinity (Winter) Seasons in the Sea 2006 Teacher Workshop

  4. Oceanographic Disciplines • Physical - stratification • Chemical - nutrients • Biological - phytoplankton Seasons in the Sea 2006 Teacher Workshop

  5. 1) Physical Oceanography Seasonal Stratification Seasons in the Sea 2006 Teacher Workshop

  6. Kevin Kline Fish Called Wanda Seasonal Thermocline All over the place Patsy Cline Singer Introducing the Clines Seasons in the Sea 2006 Teacher Workshop

  7. Amy Holt Cline UNH I almost forgot! Seasons in the Sea 2006 Teacher Workshop

  8. Winter Spring Summer Fall Seasonal Stratification Why is this important? Station WB3 Seasons in the Sea 2006 Teacher Workshop

  9. Winter Spring Summer Fall Light Station WB3 Seasons in the Sea 2006 Teacher Workshop

  10. Wind mix from the Surface down Seasonal Convective mixing – cold water dense Summer Tides mix from the bottom up How to Mix things up a little (or a lot) If too shallow no seasonal stratification Seasons in the Sea 2006 Teacher Workshop

  11. Air and water temperatures Seasons in the Sea 2006 Teacher Workshop

  12. Something Strange afoot in Wilkinson Basin Seasons in the Sea 2006 Teacher Workshop

  13. Deep Slope Water Seasons in the Sea 2006 Teacher Workshop

  14. Stratification Summary • Due to density changes • During Winter months waters well mixed • Increased sun in Spring warms surface waters → less dense and floats • Decreased sun and increased storms begin to mix things up Fall • Back to mixed in Winter • Not that simple as you need to consider salinity as well Seasons in the Sea 2006 Teacher Workshop

  15. 2) Chemical Oceanography Nutrients Seasons in the Sea 2006 Teacher Workshop

  16. Nutrients From Thurman H.V. and Burton, E.A., 2001. Introductory Oceanography • Important and commonly measured elements needed for the growth of plants Too Complicated! Seasons in the Sea 2006 Teacher Workshop

  17. Nutrients Plants Animals Nutrients Photosynthesis Thermo-cline Regeneration Detritus • Important and commonly measured elements needed for the growth of plants Land Runoff Seasons in the Sea 2006 Teacher Workshop

  18. Biological Oceanography Seasons in the Sea 2006 Teacher Workshop

  19. Phytoplankton What’s Alive?Drifters of the ocean - Plankton Seasons in the Sea 2006 Teacher Workshop

  20. Alexandrium fundyenseThe Red Tide Dinoflagellate After Dave Townsend Seasons in the Sea 2006 Teacher Workshop

  21. 2006 Alexandrium counts From Bruce Keafer and Dennis McGillicuddy, WHOI Seasons in the Sea 2006 Teacher Workshop

  22. What’s Alive?Drifters of the ocean - Plankton • Zooplankton • Eat phytoplankton • Get eaten by bigger things • Important in nutrient cycling Seasons in the Sea 2006 Teacher Workshop

  23. What’s Alive?Swimmers - Nekton • Squid • Mammals • Reptiles • Fish Seasons in the Sea 2006 Teacher Workshop

  24. Food Webs Seasons in the Sea 2006 Teacher Workshop

  25. Seasons So what do phytoplankton need to grow? Seasons in the Sea 2006 Teacher Workshop

  26. A Phytoplankton Cell Growth = Photosynthesis plus Biosynthesis Traditional factors limiting Growth Seasons in the Sea 2006 Teacher Workshop Image from Dave Townsend, U. Maine

  27. Seasons - Phytoplankton Seasons in the Sea 2006 Teacher Workshop

  28. Mid-latitude seasonal cycle Seasons in the Sea 2006 Teacher Workshop

  29. Not the same every year! Seasons in the Sea 2006 Teacher Workshop

  30. 2005 Seasons in the Sea 2006 Teacher Workshop

  31. 2006 Seasons in the Sea 2006 Teacher Workshop

  32. Zooplankton Seasons in the Sea 2006 Teacher Workshop

  33. Northeast Consortium PULSE (www.pulse.unh.edu) Seasons in the Sea 2006 Teacher Workshop

  34. GoMOOS Buoy B GoMOOS Buoy “B” copepod species composition, 2003 Seasons in the Sea 2006 Teacher Workshop

  35. Seasons in the Sea 2006 Teacher Workshop

  36. Fish – How well do they survive each year Seasons in the Sea 2006 Teacher Workshop

  37. Summary • Seasons are clearly seen in the physics, chemistry, and biology of the oceans • The Spring Phytoplankton bloom is one of the most dominant biological features • Relationships between trophic levels are complicated - Timing is everything Seasons in the Sea 2006 Teacher Workshop

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