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Reading Research. Mrs. Glah’s Language Arts Class. Parenthetical Citation: Q & A. For this research project (and all subsequent research projects), you will be required to cite sources not only at the end (in the Works Cited Page), but also throughout the paper with parenthetical citations.
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Reading Research Mrs. Glah’s Language Arts Class
Parenthetical Citation: Q & A • For this research project (and all subsequent research projects), you will be required to cite sources not only at the end (in the Works Cited Page), but also throughout the paper with parenthetical citations.
Parenthetical…. • The word “parenthetical” means words that are inserted into a text. When writing a research paper, you will be using information from a variety of sources. A parenthetical citation will let the reader know what information you received from which source…
Example: • Example: The first internment camp to open for Japanese people was in Manzanar, California (Mitchell 23). People can still visit Manzanar because it is considered to be the most well-preserved of all internment camps (US Department of the Interior National Park Society). • Notice that there is no punctuation between the name and the number…
But I already have a bibliography! • You still need parenthetical citations to make it clear to the reader exactly which pieces of information have come from which sources.
I still don’t get it… • You need to use parenthetical citations whenever you use a direct quote from an author (which, of course, you would put “in quotation marks”) or whenever the information that you put in your paragraph is not common knowledge…
Common Knowledge? • If you find the same information in every source (at least three sources), it is common knowledge. • Example: The fact that Pearl Harbor was bombed on December 7, 1941 is common knowledge because you’ll be able to find that in virtually any source about World War II.
Where do the parentheses go? • The author’s last name and the page number on which you found the information goes inside the parentheses. The parentheses go at the end of the sentence where you placed the information, inside the period.
Example: • If your Works Cited Page entry looks like this: • Rogers, Theodore. Immigration Statistics. 12 June 2003. 19 Oct 2006. www.immigstats.com • You would have something like this in your paper: • In 2005, 77,401 people under the age of 18 immigrated from Asia to the United States (Rogers Immigration Statistics).
What about if I used a website? • If it’s a website, you would put the author’s last name and the underlined title of the website in the parentheses. • Example: Eating 5 servings of fruits and vegetables a day may reduce a person’s risk for type 2 diabetes. (U.S. Department of Agriculture MyPyramid.gov)
If every sentence in one of my paragraphs comes from the same source, do I need to put the same citation after every single sentence? • No. If everything in one paragraph is from the same source, you can simply put one citation at the end of that one paragraph, outside the period to show it’s not just citing the last sentence but refers to the entire paragraph.
What if my whole paper is from one source? Can I just put it at the end of the paper? • Absolutely NOT!! You have to use at least four sources for your research paper (2 of which are print sources), so that will not be an issue.
Learn how to create citations… • Now it’s your turn…Let’s see how well you were listening. • Click on the following link to practice creating your own citations… http://old.oslis.org/MLACitations/secondary/index.php?style=less • Click here for the general MLA format: http://www.hatboro-horsham.org/4067_429918462/lib/4067_429918462/KV_Bibliography_sample07upgrade_11-08-07.doc
