Words

1. Words • Luddism • Chartism • Socialism • Utopians • Humanitarians

2. Housekeeping • Your homework is due now. • If you didn’t do it, get it done. • Your essay is due Friday. • Report cards are being completed this weekend, not handed in assignments will be given a zero. • If you need to know your grade or missing assignments, see me during tutorial.

3. Chapter 4Reponses to Classical Liberalism Social 30-1

4. Quick Review • What led to Laissez-Faire Capitalism? • What were some positive effects of Classical Liberalism? • What are some negative effects? • What was enclosure? • Explain… Inflation and the income gap? • I don’t want to talk about Philosophers again, I think you know it!

5. Industrial Revolution • The Industrial revolution changed Britain. • Society was based on Interventionist government and agriculture. • Soon, it was based on Laissez-faire capitalism, manufacturing, and profits. • High wages were not seen as profitable and were thus avoided. • Government did not get involved in business.

6. A new monarchy • The elite that grew from the new freedoms of liberalism soon held similar power to monarchy. • People that once cried for freedom and the deposition of government now wanted government intervention and collectivism.

7. Improve quality of life • The IR led to a massive gap between the rich and the poor. • Wealth was distributed unequally. • As always, if you put people down long enough they will rebel. • Think about the French and American Revolution, the Oka Crisus, etc…

8. Speaking out • People soon began to speak out against the exploitation of power. • Again working hours, child labor, etc…

9. However, • The government liked Capitalism and Industrialization. • It had to do little work to keep it going and the people were taken care of. • It felt that the employer would take care of the workers.

10. The Government • The government did eventually change and new laws were put into place to protect workers. • These range from Minimum Wage laws, Safety Laws, Working Hours Laws, etc… • These were new restrictions on Laissez-Faire Capitalism.

11. Factory Acts • A series of laws passed by British Parliament during the 18 and 1900’s that made life better for factory workers. • Factory act of 1802 addressed child labour, among other things.

12. From the act of 1802 • The owner must clean the room twice a year and ventilate. • Owners MUST obey the law. • Every child must be given two suits for work. • Children can not work more then 12 hours, before 6 am, or after 9 pm. • They must be given education in reading, writing, and arithmetic.

13. The Comparison Modern Classical • Equality for all . • Rights for all individuals. • Government intervention to ensure people are cared for. • Protect the economic rights of individuals. • Maximum rights in business. • People act on own behalf. Limited Government.

14. New ideas emerge • Modern Liberalism: • Luddism • Chartism • Socialism • Marxism

15. Luddites • A Grassroots movement. • Early 19th century. • Skilled textile workers protested the new electronic looms. • These could be run by low waged under trained people. • Led by Ned Ludd. • Disgruntled workers stormed and destroyed machinery.

16. Luddites • Over a six year period, civilian armies (known as red dressers) broke into factories and destroyed over 200 machines. • The ideology (Luddism) spread across the UK. • The government responded and made luddism and crime (Punishable by death). • 12 000 troops protected factories. • One such attack ended with 10 luddites dead and a robber barons home being burnt to the ground. • All luddites captured were deported or killed. • Let’s go back to the other slide and click on the picture!

17. Quick Question • In its actions against the luddites, what main principle of classical liberalism was the British government protecting?

18. What we will do now… • In 6 groups. • Luddites, Chartism, Classical Liberalism, Mercantilism, Utopian Socialism, Enclosure. • What is each. • What is one positive aspect • What is one negative aspect • Which Philosopher would agree with it, Why? • Conceptualize it in a picture.

19. Chartism • A working class movement in Britain that focused on political and social reform. • Based on the ideas of people charter of 1838. • Universal Suffrage for all men over 21. • Equal electoral Districts. • Secret Voting. • Property rights changed. • Pay for members of parliament. • Annual elections.

20. Continued • The peoples charter was presented to government in 1839 with 1.25 million signatures. • It was voted down 235 to 46. • Some protested and were arrested. • Why might the government of the day want to vote down this reform?

21. Socialism • As laissez-faire capitalism failed. • People wanted to Co-operate in Society. • People wanted the Income Gap to fail and wealth to be distributed equally. • These social, Collectivist people became known as socialist.

22. Socialism • Any ideology that believed that resources should be controlled by the public for the good of everyone. • Value economic equality. • Income Security. • Employment and standard of living.

23. Early Socialist • Robert Owen: • Factory Owner. • Wanted to share wealth. • Opened markets. • Created Schools. • Offered Health Care. • Without workers, we have nothing. • Raised wages, less hours, Tried to make the government socialist. • He was defeated by government… Interesting???

24. Utopian Socialist • Thomas Moore wrote a book called Utopia. • The word now refers to any imaginary perfect society. • These Utopians were not pragmatic, they were idealist. • Horace Greely, Saint-Simon, and Robert Owen would all have these ideals.

25. Back to Owen • He eventually developed a massive textile company in a “utopian” community. • New Lanark: now a world heritage site.

26. MLA • Author Lastname, Firstname. Title of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year. • Grenfell, Wilfred Thomason. Adrift on an Ice Pan. St. John's: Creative, 1992.

27. Any More Questions Regarding the Essay?

28. Quick Review • What are some ideologies that developed out of Classic Liberalism? • What conditions allowed these to develop? • Were the Luddites justified? • Was the government reaction justified? • Why general human flaw inhibits the development of a real “Socialist Utopia”?

29. What we will do now… • In 6 groups. • Luddites, Chartism, Classical Liberalism, Mercantilism, Utopian Socialism, Enclosure. • What is each. • What is one positive aspect • What is one negative aspect • Which Philosopher would agree with it, Why? • Conceptualize it in a picture.