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Demystification of European Standards Author: Dr C Young SAPCA Technical and Training Manger

Demystification of European Standards Author: Dr C Young SAPCA Technical and Training Manger Venue: ASBA Technical Meeting Astor Crowne Plaza, New Orleans Date: Tuesday 9 th December 2008. Demystification of European Standards. European Structure and Politics

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Demystification of European Standards Author: Dr C Young SAPCA Technical and Training Manger

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  1. Demystification of European Standards Author: Dr C Young SAPCA Technical and Training Manger Venue: ASBA Technical Meeting Astor Crowne Plaza, New Orleans Date: Tuesday 9th December 2008

  2. Demystification of European Standards • European Structure and Politics • The EU was established in 1993 after the Maastricht Treat (from the previous European Economic Committee) • Approximately 500 million people • 27 member states (and growing) • Single market (standardised laws, common trade policy, etc…) • CEN was formed to harmonize standards • Demystification of European Standards Slide 2 of 42 • Section: Background 9th December 2008

  3. Demystification of European Standards • What is CEN? • The European Committee for Standardization or Comité Européen de Normalisation (CEN) • CEN produces EN standards • Private non-profit organisation formed in 1961 • Aim – “to foster the European economy in global trading, the welfare of European citizens and the environment by providing an efficient infrastructure to interested parties for the development, maintenance and distribution of coherent sets of standards and specifications” • Demystification of European Standards Slide 3 of 42 • Section: Background 9th December 2008

  4. Demystification of European Standards • What is CEN (cont.)? • The current members of CEN are: • Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. • There are also affiliate and partner members including: • Albania, Croatia, the FYROM, Turkey, Australia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Egypt, Moldova, Russia, Serbia, Tunisia and Ukraine. • Demystification of European Standards Slide 4 of 42 • Section: Background 9th December 2008

  5. Demystification of European Standards Current Members of CEN • Demystification of European Standards Slide 5 of 42 • Section: Background 9th December 2008

  6. Demystification of European Standards • CEN Regulations • CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN internal regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving each standard the status of a national standard without any alterations. • Deviations would be accepted only if national legislation requires them or the CEN TC gives special permission. • Conflicting national standards are required to be withdrawn (DIN, BS, etc…) • Standards are prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Frees Trade Association. • Demystification of European Standards Slide 6 of 42 • Section: Background 9th December 2008

  7. Demystification of European Standards • Technical Committee: CEN/TC 217 • Surfaces For Sports Areas (CEN/TC 217) • Formed in 1988 • Within the TC there have been many different working groups including: • surfaces of sports halls, turf areas, unbound mineral surfaces, synthetic surfaces & synthetic turf areas. • Demystification of European Standards Slide 7 of 42 • Section: CEN/TC 217 9th December 2008

  8. Demystification of European Standards • Technical Committee: CEN/TC 217 • The committee aimed to produce performance-based standards from the perspective of the user, the surface and it’s construction. • Establish European standards for sports surfaces to allow the free movement of goods and services across the European Community and EFTA countries. • When possible CEN/TC 217 sought to refer to existing ISO and CEN standards. • Demystification of European Standards Slide 8 of 42 • Section: CEN/TC 217 9th December 2008

  9. Demystification of European Standards • Technical Committee: CEN/TC 217 • The ‘harmonisation’ of existing/replaced national standards has taken 20 years to date. • There have been many political and geographical obstacles during the process. • As things currently stand most of the hard work has been done and the ‘new’ standards should have been published and endorsed by each national member. • Demystification of European Standards Slide 9 of 42 • Section: CEN/TC 217 9th December 2008

  10. Demystification of European Standards New EN Standards EN 14904:2006 Surfaces for sports areas – Indoor surfaces for multi-sports use – Specification EN 15330-1:2007 Surfaces for sports areas – Synthetic turf and needle-punched surfaces primarily designed for outdoor use – Specification for Synthetic Turf • Demystification of European Standards Slide 10 of 42 • Section: New Standards 9th December 2008

  11. Demystification of European Standards • EN 14904: Surface for sports areas - Indoor • “This European Standard specifies requirements for surfaces for indoor facilities for multi-sports use. It also covers surface systems which include both their supporting and upper layers whether prefabricated, produced in situ or a combination of the two.” • Split into 3 main parts: • Requirements for safety in use • Technical requirements • Evaluation of conformity • Demystification of European Standards Slide 11 of 42 • Section: EN 14904 9th December 2008

  12. Demystification of European Standards EN 14904: Terms and definitions Facilities for multi-sports use Sports halls where more than one sport is played on the surface, e.g. handball, basketball, volleyball, five-aside football, and which may also be used for physical education and other sporting activities Area-elastic sports floor Sports floor, to which the application of a point force causes deflection over a relatively large area around the point of application of the force Point-elastic sports floor Sports floor, to which the application of a point force causes deflection only at or close to the point of application of the force Combined-elastic sports floor Area-elastic sports floor with a point-elastic top layer, to which the application of a point force causes both localized deflection and deflection over a wider area Mixed-elastic sports floor Point-elastic sports floor with a synthetic area-stiffening component • Demystification of European Standards Slide 12 of 42 • Section: EN 14904 9th December 2008

  13. Demystification of European Standards EN 14904: Terms and definitions Area-elastic sports floor Point-elastic sports floor • Demystification of European Standards Slide 13 of 42 • Section: EN 14904 9th December 2008

  14. Demystification of European Standards EN 14904: Requirements for safety in use “Sports surfaces undergo a complex reaction when subjected to dynamic loading. The desired components of the interaction are deformation under load, the ability to absorb impact, and the energy restitution of the impact, i.e. the amount of energy returned to a sports-person from the surface on which he/she is performing.” “The ability of a surface to absorb an impact is an important safety feature of a sports surface. Values specified are, therefore, inevitably a compromise between these fundamental characteristics. Sports surfaces react differently under different temperatures and strain rates; they become harder at low temperatures and softer at high temperatures.” “An important requirement for safety and sports performance is for there to be sufficient grip between the footwear of the athlete and the sports surface. Insufficient grip can result in the athlete slipping on the surface; too much grip can place unacceptable stress on joints and muscle ligaments.” • Demystification of European Standards Slide 14 of 42 • Section: EN 14904 9th December 2008

  15. Demystification of European Standards EN 14904: Requirements for safety in use Friction (EN 13036-4) Between 80 and 110 • Demystification of European Standards Slide 15 of 42 • Section: EN 14904 9th December 2008

  16. Demystification of European Standards EN 14904: Requirements for safety in use Shock Absorption (EN 14808) Between 25 – 75 % • Demystification of European Standards Slide 16 of 42 • Section: EN 14904 9th December 2008

  17. Demystification of European Standards EN 14904: Requirements for safety in use Shock Absorption (EN 14808) • Demystification of European Standards Slide 17 of 42 • Section: EN 14904 9th December 2008

  18. Demystification of European Standards EN 14904: Requirements for safety in use Vertical Deformation (EN 14809) Not more than 5 mm • Demystification of European Standards Slide 18 of 42 • Section: EN 14904 9th December 2008

  19. Demystification of European Standards EN 14904: Requirements for safety in use Vertical Deformation (EN 14809) • Demystification of European Standards Slide 19 of 42 • Section: EN 14904 9th December 2008

  20. Demystification of European Standards EN 14904: Technical Requirements Vertical Ball Rebound (EN 12235) ≥ 90 % of concrete • Demystification of European Standards Slide 20 of 42 • Section: EN 14904 9th December 2008

  21. Demystification of European Standards EN 14904: Technical Requirements Resistance to a rolling load (EN 1569) Indent to a maximum of 0.5 mm with a 3 metre straight edge • Demystification of European Standards Slide 21 of 42 • Section: EN 14904 9th December 2008

  22. Demystification of European Standards • EN 14904: Technical Requirements • Other Tests Include: • Resistance to wear (EN ISO 5470-1) • Reaction to fire (EN 13238) • Formaldehyde emission (EN 717-1 & EN 717-2) • Content of pentachlorophenol (PCP) (EN 12637) • Specular reflectance (EN 13745) • Specular gloss (EN ISO 2813) • Resistance to indentation (EN 1516) • Resistance to impact (EN 1517) • Degree of evenness (EN 13036-7) • Demystification of European Standards Slide 22 of 42 • Section: EN 14904 9th December 2008

  23. Demystification of European Standards EN 14904: Normative References 1. EN 717-1, Wood-based panels - Determination of formaldehyde release - Part 1: Formaldehyde emission by the chamber method 2. EN 717-2, Wood-based panels - Determination of formaldehyde release - Part 2: Formaldehyde release by the gas analysis method 3. EN 1516, Surfaces for sports areas - Determination of resistance to indentation 4. EN 1517, Surfaces for sports areas - Determination of resistance to impact 5. EN 1569, Surfaces for sports areas - Determination of the behaviour under a rolling load 6. EN 12235, Surfaces for sports areas - Determination of vertical ball behaviour 7. EN 12673, Water quality - Gas chromatographic determination of some selected chlorophenols in water 8. EN 13036-4, Road and airfield surface characteristics - Test methods - Part 4: Method for measurement of slip/skid resistance of a surface - The pendulum test 9. EN 13036-7, Road and airfield surface characteristics - Test methods - Part 7: Irregularity measurement of pavement courses - the straightedge test 10. EN 13238, Reaction to fire tests for building products - Conditioning procedures and general rules for selection of substrates 11. EN 13501-1, Fire classification of construction products and building elements - Part 1: Classification using test data from reaction to fire tests 12. EN 13745, Surfaces for sports areas - Determination of specular reflectance 13. EN 14808, Surfaces for sports areas — Determination of shock absorption 14. EN 14809, Surfaces for sports areas — Determination of vertical deformation 15. EN ISO 2813, Paints and varnishes - Measurement of specular gloss of non-metallic paint films at 20°, 60° and 85° (ISO 2813:1994, including Technical Corrigendum 1:1997) 16. EN ISO 5470-1, Rubber- or plastics-coated fabrics - Determination of abrasion resistance - Part 1: Taber abrader (ISO 5470-1:1999) 17. ISO 1957, Machine-made textile floor coverings - Selection and cutting of specimens for physical tests 18. ISO 11379, Textile floor coverings - Laboratory cleaning procedure using spray extraction • Demystification of European Standards Slide 23 of 42 • Section: EN 14904 9th December 2008

  24. Demystification of European Standards EN 15330: Surfaces for Sports Areas – Specification for Synthetic Turf “This European Standard specifies performance and durability characteristics for synthetic turf sports surfaces used primarily outdoors. Five categories of surface are covered, each based on the principal sporting use of the surface, as follows: surfaces designed primarily for hockey; surfaces designed primarily for association football; surfaces designed primarily for rugby union for training purposes; surfaces designed primarily for tennis; and surfaces designed for multi-sports use.” • Demystification of European Standards Slide 24 of 42 • Section: EN 15330 9th December 2008

  25. Demystification of European Standards EN 15330: Surfaces for Sports Areas – Specification for Synthetic Turf “The requirements are intended to apply to surfaces used for community, educational and recreational sport. For professional and elite levels of competition, many sports governing bodies have published their own specifications; the requirements of the sports governing bodies might differ from those detailed in this European Standard and facility developers are advised to ensure that they select surfaces offering the correct level of performance for the level of competition played on the pitch or court.” • Demystification of European Standards Slide 25 of 42 • Section: EN 15330 9th December 2008

  26. Demystification of European Standards EN 15330: Terms and Definitions Synthetic turf surface Sports surface comprised of a carpet of tufted, knitted or woven construction whose pile is designed to replicate the appearance of natural grass Non-filled synthetic turf Synthetic turf surface that does not contain any form of unbound particulate fill within the pile of the carpet Filled synthetic turf Synthetic turf surface whose pile is either totally filled or partly filled with an unbound particulate material. (NOTE typically sand, rubber or sand and rubber mixes) Surface for multi-sports Synthetic turf surface designed to be used for more than one sport • Demystification of European Standards Slide 26 of 42 • Section: EN 15330 9th December 2008

  27. Demystification of European Standards EN 15330: Performance Tests Ball Roll Vertical Ball Rebound Shock Absorption Vertical Deformation Rotational Resistance Critical Fall Height Angled Ball Behaviour Slip Resistance • Demystification of European Standards Slide 27 of 42 • Section: EN 15330 9th December 2008

  28. Demystification of European Standards EN 15330: Performance Tests Ball Roll (EN 12234) • Demystification of European Standards Slide 28 of 42 • Section: EN 15330 9th December 2008

  29. Demystification of European Standards EN 15330: Performance Tests Vertical Ball Rebound (EN 12235) • Demystification of European Standards Slide 29 of 42 • Section: EN 15330 9th December 2008

  30. Demystification of European Standards EN 15330: Performance Tests Shock Absorption (EN 14808) • Demystification of European Standards Slide 30 of 42 • Section: EN 15330 9th December 2008

  31. Demystification of European Standards EN 15330: Performance Tests Vertical Deformation (EN 14809) • Demystification of European Standards Slide 31 of 42 • Section: EN 15330 9th December 2008

  32. Demystification of European Standards EN 15330: Performance Tests Rotational Resistance (15301-1) Used for all sports except tennis. The limits and studs vary for each sport. Normal range is between 20 to 50 Nm • Demystification of European Standards Slide 32 of 42 • Section: EN 15330 9th December 2008

  33. Demystification of European Standards EN 15330: Performance Tests Critical Fall Height (EN 1177) Currently only used for Rugby • Demystification of European Standards Slide 33 of 42 • Section: EN 15330 9th December 2008

  34. Demystification of European Standards EN 15330: Performance Tests Angled Ball Behaviour (13865) Currently only used for tennis, rates the ‘pace’ of a court • Demystification of European Standards Slide 34 of 42 • Section: EN 15330 9th December 2008

  35. Demystification of European Standards EN 15330: Performance Tests Slip Resistance (13036-4) Currently only used for tennis • Demystification of European Standards Slide 35 of 42 • Section: EN 15330 9th December 2008

  36. Demystification of European Standards EN 15330: Other Tests Resistance to simulated use (EN 15306) Tensile properties of carpet (EN ISO 13934-1) • Demystification of European Standards Slide 36 of 42 • Section: EN 15330 9th December 2008

  37. Demystification of European Standards EN 15330: Other Tests Resistance to artificial weathering (EN 20105-A02) Water permeability (EN 12616) Joint strength (EN 12228) Abrasion resistance of non-filled surfaces (EN 13672) • Demystification of European Standards Slide 37 of 42 • Section: EN 15330 9th December 2008

  38. Demystification of European Standards EN 15330: Normative References 1. EN 430, Resilient floor coverings – Determination of mass per unit area 2. EN 933-1, Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates – Part 1: Determination of particle size distribution – Sieving method 3. EN 1097-3, Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates – Part 3: Determination of loose bulk density and voids 4. EN 1177, Impact absorbing playground surfacing – Safety requirements and test methods 5. EN 1969, Surfaces for sports areas – Determination of thickness of synthetic sports surfaces 6. EN 12230, Surfaces for sports areas – Determination of tensile properties of synthetic sports surfaces 7. EN 12235, Surfaces for sports areas – Determination of vertical ball behaviour 8. EN 12228:2002, Surfaces for sports areas – Determination of joint strength of synthetic surfaces 9. EN 12229, Surfaces for sports areas – Procedure for the preparation of synthetic turf and needle-punch test pieces 10. EN 12234, Surfaces for sports areas – Determination of ball roll behaviour 11. EN 12616, Surfaces for sports areas – Determination of water infiltration rate 12. EN 13036-4:2003, Road and airfield surface characteristics – Test methods – Part 4: Method for measurement of slip/skid resistance of a surface – The pendulum test 13. EN 13036-7, Road and airfield surface characteristics – Test methods – Part 7: Irregularity measurement of pavement courses: the straightedge test 14. EN 13672, Surfaces for sports areas – Determination of resistance to abrasion of non-filled synthetic turf 15. EN 13744, Surfaces for sports areas – Procedure for accelerated ageing by immersion in hot water 16. EN 13864, Surfaces for sports areas - Determination of tensile strength of synthetic yarns 17. EN 13865, Surfaces for sports areas – Determination of angled ball behaviour – Tennis 18. EN 14808, Surfaces for sports areas – Determination of shock absorption 19. EN 14809, Surfaces for sports areas – Determination of vertical deformation 20. EN 14836, Synthetic surfaces for outdoor sports areas - Exposure to artificial weathering • Demystification of European Standards Slide 38 of 42 • Section: EN 15330 9th December 2008

  39. Demystification of European Standards EN 15330: Normative References (cont.) 21. EN 14955, Surfaces for sports areas – Determination of composition and particle shape of unbound mineral surfaces for outdoor sports areas 22. EN 15301-1, Surfaces for sports areas – Part 1: Determination of rotational resistance 23. EN 15306, Surfaces for outdoor sports areas — Exposure of synthetic turf to simulated wear 24. EN 20105-A02, Textiles – Tests for colour fastness – Part A02: Grey scale for assessing change in colour (ISO 105-A02:1993) 25. EN ISO 13934-1, Textiles – Tensile properties of fabrics – Part 1: Determination of maximum force and elongation at maximum force using the strip method (ISO 13934-1:1999) 26. ISO 48, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic – Determination of hardness (hardness between 10 IRHD and 100 IRHD) 27. ISO 1763, Carpets – Determination of number of tufts and/or loops per unit length and per unit area 28. ISO 2549, Textile floor coverings – Hand-knotted carpets – Determination of tuft leg length above the woven ground 29. ISO 4919, Textile floor coverings – Determination of tuft withdrawal force 30. ISO 8543, Textile floor coverings – Methods for determination of mass 31. ISO 11357-3, Plastics – Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) – Part 3: Determination of temperature and enthalpy of melting and crystallization • Demystification of European Standards Slide 39 of 42 • Section: EN 15330 9th December 2008

  40. Demystification of European Standards Future of EN Standards for Sport The working group TC 217 is still active and continuing to develop new standards. In the next few years it is anticipated that a new series of standards will be published for environmental testing. The working group will continue to review and update the existing standards as new surfaces/tests methods are developed. • Demystification of European Standards Slide 40 of 42 • Section: The Future 9th December 2008

  41. Demystification of European Standards Other Activities of Interests Football Turf Project Water Attenuation Research Educational and Training Programme • Demystification of European Standards Slide 41 of 42 • Section: Other Activities of Interest 9th December 2008

  42. Demystification of European Standards The End – Sometime, no matter how good the surface, people will still get injured on it! • Demystification of European Standards Slide 42 of 42 • Section: The END 9th December 2008

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