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The Sinti and Roma

The Sinti and Roma. By: Ashley, Deena, Sofia, Tre and Yashar. Victims of the Holocaust Assignment. Overview. Origins. Northern India  Europe in 1400s Craftsmen, blacksmiths, cobblers, musicians, dancers 942 000 in German-occupied Europe Culturally different

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The Sinti and Roma

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  1. The Sinti and Roma By: Ashley, Deena, Sofia, Tre and Yashar Victims of the Holocaust Assignment

  2. Overview

  3. Origins • Northern India  Europe in 1400s • Craftsmen, blacksmiths, cobblers, musicians, dancers • 942 000 in German-occupied Europe • Culturally different • Discrimination predates the Nazis USHMM. Holocaust Encyclopedia: Roma (Gypsies) in Prewar Europe — Map. http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/media_nm.php?ModuleId=10005395&MediaId=359 (Dec. 8, 2010).

  4. Eugenics “the science of improving a population by controlled breeding to increase the occurrence of desirable heritable characteristics.” –Oxford Dictionary

  5. Laws • Law for the Prevention of Offspring with Hereditary Defects (July 1933) • Sterilization of Gypsies • Law for the Protection of German Blood and Honour (15 September 1935) • Non-Aryans prohibited from marrying Aryans

  6. Dr. Robert Ritter • Directed genealogical research on Roma • Physical separation of the Roma to protect racial purity in Germany • Tried to link criminal behaviour to genes  Roma were “naturally inclined” to be criminals USHMM. Holocaust Encyclopedia: DR. ROBERT RITTER: RACIAL SCIENCE AND "GYPSIES”. Photograph. http://www.ushmm.org/education/resource/roma/rsritter.htm (Dec. 8, 2010).

  7. Social Darwinism “the theory that individuals, groups, and peoples are subject to the same Darwinian laws of natural selection as plants and animals; that some races are superior to others.” -Oxford Dictionary

  8. Laws • Article 109 of the Weimar Constitution • Viewed as inferior therefore equal rights of citizenship, but more discriminatory laws • Combating Gypsies, Vagabonds and the Work Shy (16 July 1926) • Registration, restricted movement, internment camps • Law Against Dangerous Habitual Criminals(November 1933) • Roma arrested and interned • Reich Citizenship Law (15 September 1935) • Defined Roma as “racially distinctive”, stripped of civil rights

  9. Himmler’s Declaration • First-hand account from Himmler (Dec. 8 1938) • “Gypsy problem” = racial issue • Suited only for nomadic life • Registering Gypsies at the Reich Criminal Police Office USHMM. Holocaust Encyclopedia: Genocide of European Roma (Gypsies), 1939-1945 — Photograph. http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/media_ph.php?ModuleId=10005219&MediaId=1565 (Dec. 8, 2010).

  10. Treatment of Children • Subhuman, animals needing to be trained • Roma children became wards of the state • Experimented upon • Interned in camps • Inability to speak German = mental problem = “special school” USHMM. Holocaust Encyclopedia: Genocide of European Roma (Gypsies), 1939-1945 — Photograph. http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/gallery_oi.php?ModuleId=10005219 (Dec. 8, 2010).

  11. Deportation and Camps • “resettlement to the East” = mass deportation • Hierarchy within camps • Green = professional criminal • Black = “asocial” • Treblinka, Auschwitz, Buchenwald, USHMM. Holocaust Encyclopedia: Classification System in Nazi Concentration Camps — Artifact. http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/media_da.php?ModuleId=10005378&MediaId=5037 (Dec. 8, 2010). USHMM. Holocaust Encyclopedia: Sinti & Roma: Victims of the Nazi Era- Photograph. http://www.ushmm.org/education/resource/roma/roma.php (Dec. 8, 2010).

  12. Personal Story

  13. Karl Stojka: Roma during WWII • Roman Catholic Roma family (Lowara Roma) • Deported from Vienna to Birkeneau then Buchenwald for forced labour • Avoided gassing, sent to Flossenbürg camp • Liberated by Americans in 1945 (age 14) USHMM. Holocaust Encyclopedia: Karl Stojka- Photograph. http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/idcard.php?ModuleId=10006784 (Dec. 8, 2010).

  14. Darwinism and Eugenics? • Darwinism • Initially forced to adopt “superior” way of life (settling in one place) • Considered inferior by Germans • Deported  forced to work, horrible conditions • Eugenics • Separated from the rest of society • Eliminated from gene pool

  15. Conclusion • Action taken reflected Hitler’s philosophy • Laws became more restrictive • “alien blood” • Mainly Social Darwinism • Considered inferior because of nomadic lifestyle • Keeping small group interned to study

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