Imperialism

1. Imperialism http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=alJaltUmrGo&safe=active Watch a quick intro video to get your brain moving!!

2. Effects of the Industrial Revolution • Sped up economic development in Europe and the US • Established a way that industrial nations viewed their colonies • They began to see colonies as: • Markets for goods • Sources for raw materials Result?? Imperialism - the policy of extending the rule or influence of a country over other countries or colonies

3. Colonized Continents targeted: Africa Asia Latin America Imperialist Countries: United States European countries Where did Imperialism Happen?

4. What do these political cartoons say about England and the United States?

5. Economic Industrial Revolution created a need for raw materials (regions affected by Imperialism had a lot) New markets available in these regions to sell goods that were being produced Reasons for Imperialism

6. Reasons for Imperialism • Nationalism – pride in country • Setting up colonies showed power and brought wealth

7. Reasons for Imperialism • Humanitarianism – helping others • thought native people should be more like Europeans • provided medicine and education • Often did more harm than good… But how??? They were just trying to help!!

8. Social Darwinism • Belief that Western civilization (Europeans and the US) was far superior (better) to all other civilizations • “The White Man’s Burden” – converting and educating native people was white people’s responsibility White man carrying an African native to a school house. Listen and read along with “The White Man’s Burden by Rudyard Kiplinghttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cS__4F8QSNU&safe=active

9. East India Company (EICo) • Europeans colonies first competed for colonies in India • 1600s – British EICo began trading in India and elsewhere in Asia • By the 1850s, more than 60 percent of India was under control of the EICo

10. East India Company (EICo) • Made life in India better by: • Setting up schools • Improving and building railroads • Kept peace between rival local leaders ** While doing all of this they made sure to make plenty of $$ from Indian resources and labor

11. East India Company (EICo) • The company had its own army and forts to protect its property and British citizens • Hired Indian soldiers called sepoys • 1857 – company gave sepoys new rifles – to load them, soldiers had to bite off the end of the powder cartridge with their teeth So what’s wrong with that???

12. Sepoy Rebellion • The cartridges were greased with fat from cows (sacred to Hindus) or pigs (Muslims are forbidden to eat) • The sepoys refused to put the cartridges in their mouths and were sent home without pay – they rebelled against this unfair treatment and slaughtered British men, women, and children • More violence – the British responded by burning villages and slaughtering Indians

13. The British lion seeks vengeance on the Bengal Tiger – depicting the British counter attack after the Sepoy rebellion

14. Effect of the Sepoy Rebellion • British parliament ended the EICo’s control of India • 1858 – India was ruled by Parliament Quick video!! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MV0fYMIvtyU&safe=active

15. The Scramble for Africa • The race among European nations to seize parts of the continent • 1850 = small colonies along the coast • 1914 = only Ethiopia and Liberia remained independent

16. Goals • Get raw materials: ivory, copper • Start a market for goods • Stamp out slave trade • Bring Christianity to the continent

17. Moving Inward • Explorers were first – mapped rivers, mountains, and plains • Missionaries followed – converting natives and helping to abolish slavery • Military moved in when Africans resisted (which they often did)

18. Conflict – The Berlin Conference • 1880s – nations were fighting over territory • 1884 – Otto von Bismarck called a conference in Berlin to partition – divide up Africa by formal treaty • 14 European nations and the US were invited, not a single African nation or person was invited to this garden party!!

19. Berlin Conference

21. Zulu Resistance • South African tribe that placed an emphasis on military organization and skill • leader - Shaka Zulu • Zulu came into the conflict with the British army • Zulu were eventually defeated by the technology and vast resources of the British army

22. More Resistance - Boer War • Boers - descendents of the original Dutch settlers • master plan of Britain = establish a Cape to Cairo railroad line to link British colonial interests in Africa • The Boers provided heavy and eventually armed resistance to this proposal • Boer War (1899-1902) • fighting was vicious, Britain victorious

23. Imperialism in Japan • Japan was able to stay free of European influences, became an Imperialist power, and isolated itself (other countries didn’t like that too much…)

24. Black Ships on the Horizon • 1853 – Commodore Matthew Perry and a fleet of four US war ships entered Tokyo Bay with a letter that demanded that Japan open trade with the US – an open door policy all countries have equal trading rights in the area

25. Open Door Policy • Japanese debated for 6 months – Perry returned with a bigger fleet, and they reluctantly agreed to a treaty with the US and were forced to sign treaties with other nations

26. Meiji Restoration “enlightened rule” • 1868 – 1912 Japanese officials modernized and Westernized the nation • Technology • Science • Political and economic ideas • Ended feudalism • Made Japan an industrial nation • Adopted a constitution • Army/Navy • Transportation • banking/postal systems • Public education

27. What’s happening in China you ask? • Background: Early 1880s, Brits were importing opium from India to China • Chinese government said “hey! STOP!” (opium is a very addictive drug) • When the British did not stop, China tried to stop the trade… this led to first Opium War,1840 • Britain won… again and the opium trade continued

28. Effects of the Opium War • Caused foreign pressure • Spheres of influence – area where only the foreign power had the right to trade with a country

29. The Boxer Rebellion • 1900 - Rebellion in China against imperialism and the open door policy there • Chinese “boxers” (guys who were kind of awesome at martial arts) formed a secret society to rebel against the foreigners in their country • Two month siege – eventually were defeated

30. Chinese Boxer Rebellion Cartoon Do you think an American or Chinese newspaper published this cartoon?

31. The deep breath before WWI • Early 1900s – situation in Europe was very tense • Rivalry between industrial nations caused extreme feelings of nationalism • Suspicious of one another, the nations formed defensive alliances waiting for someone to throw the first punch

32. Triple Alliance - 1882 Germany Italy Austria-Hungary Triple Entente - 1907 France Great Britain Russia The Players

33. Causes of WWI • Spark = ethnic nationalism in Austria-Hungary • These groups wanted their own nations • Result? A series of uprisings • Serbia was a new nation in the Balkan area supported by Russia (made things even more tense) – known as the “powder keg of Europe”

34. European leaders trying to keep the lid on the cauldron representing trouble in Serbia

35. The immediate cause of the war: • The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife, Sophia • Shot by Gavrilo Princip, a young Serbian nationalist and member of The Black Hand – they wanted Bosnia (a part of Austria-Hungary) to become a part of Serbia)

36. 1,2,3,4, I declare war… DON’T WRITE THIS!! During July and August of 1914, peace in Europe quickly fell apart – Austria blamed the Serbs for trying to break up its empire. It declared war against Serbia. Serbia’s ally, Russia, then prepared its army for war. Fearing that Russia would attack it as well as Austria, Germany declared war on Russia. Russia was France’s ally. When France offered to help Russia, Germany declared war on France. To attack France, Germany invaded neighboring Belgium. Belgium’s ally, Britain, then declared war against Germany. Soon all of Europe was at war…

37. To sum that up: • War spread like wildfire • Triple Alliance = Central Powers • Triple Entente = Allies

38. When did the US enter the picture? • 1915 – sinking of the Lusitania– British ship that carried cargo and US passengers (sunk by German torpedo) • The US began to view Germany as a bully and began to side with the Allies

39. When did the US enter the picture? • Zimmerman letter – intercepted telegram from German foreign minister to German US ambassador – said that Germany would help Mexico win back Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico

42. 4 years of warfare • Why? • Trench warfare – each side dig trenches deep enough for soldiers to stand in • This eventually turned into a stalemate, neither side could move more than a few miles

43. A New Kind of War • Airplanes – used for observation and then bombing enemy targets • Machine guns – rapid fire, great in trenches • Poison gas – sickened and killed soldiers – masks were the only protection • Submarines – German U-boats attacked at sea • Tanks

44. Videos Trench Warfare and weapons • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SUCaqptNqKM&safe=active War Horse clip – make a list of the weapons/ war tactics that you see in the clip • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wo-3x2khwZ0&safe=active

45. Here come the Yankees! • April 1917 – US declared war on Germany • More than 1 million US troops came to Europe to counter the final German advance • After a year, it was clear that Germany could not win • Allies agreed to an armistice – cease fire

46. At the end of things…. • Casualties: 8.5 million • Wounded: 17 million • Regions where war had been fought lay in ruin • War debt: millions • Question? Who would pay for the rebuilding and debt?

47. Making the Peace • Paris Peace Conference 1919 • The Big Three – GB, France, US (decision makers) • Germany was not allowed to take part in the negotiations

48. Treaty of Versailles • The big three disagreed about what the treaty should contain: • GB/France – wanted Germany to be disarmed and pay the entire cost of the war • US – Woodrow Wilson wanted to set up a League of Nations (LON)– international peacekeeping organization

49. Wilson’s 14 Points • The LON was included in his 14 points along with goals like: • End to secret treaties • Freedom of the seas • Right for people to govern themselves

50. 14 Points cont. • In the end, he had to give many of the points up, but he stuck to his idea of a LON and the Allies finally accepted it • BUT the US Senate refused to ratify the Treaty of Versailles (they thought the US would be giving up its ability to act in its own interests) • Soooo without the US, Wilson’s idea lost a lot of it’s power