Review of Basic Concepts: CH 4-5

1. Please discontinue use of cell phone and turn off ringer Review of Basic Concepts: CH 4-5 Telecommunications The Internet The Web

2. Telecommunictions & Computer Networking Networking Hardware, Software, and Protocols Network Types Wireless Networks

3. Telecommunications – Electronic Communications • Voice and data telecommunications • Analog vs. Digital • Components • Hardware • Software • Protocols: rules of engagement

4. Twisted Pair Cable • Coaxial Cable • Fiber Optic Cable • Radio Frequency Networking Media

5. Signal Frequency • Frequency: the speed at which a signal changes from high to low. • Bandwidth: the range of signal frequencies that can be sent over a given medium at the same time. • Often expressed as bits per second • Broadband: faster than 200Kbps

6. Networking Devices • Modem: modulates and demodulates signals from one form to another. • Network Adapter: Expansion card, or external device installed on a computing device used to connect to a network.

7. Networking Devices • Network Control Devices: • Hub • Switch • Repeater • Bridge • Gateway • Router • Wireless Access Point • Firewall

8. AccessPoint Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) • Wi-Fi: devices that communicate wirelessly using the 802.11x protocol. • 250-1,000 ft range • 802.11b 11 Mbps • 802.11g 54 Mbps • www.boingo.com

9. Bluetooth • Bluetooth: Wireless technology that enables a wide variety of digital devices to communicate directly. • 33 ft range • 1 Mbps • www.bluetooth.com

10. Infrared (IRDA) • Infrared technology utilizes infrared rays to send data over a short distance wirelessly. • 14 ft range • Narrow-angle cone (30o) • Line-of-sight • 4-16 Mbps • www.mzoop.com

11. Wireless Comparison

12. Network Types • Local Area Network (LAN) • Connects computer systems and devices within a common geographic area • Wide Area Network (WAN) • Connects LANs between cities, cross country, and around the world using microwave and satellite transmission or telephone lines. • Global Area Network (GAN) • An International network • An internet • A network consisting of connected smaller networks

13. The original PAN was designed by Thomas Zimmerman and allowed users to pass digital electronic information through touch, by transferring information from one person’s device to another’s, running a subtly current through the body. Network Types • Personal Area Network (PAN) • The interconnection of personal information technology devices within the range of an individual - typically using Bluetooth Tech. The Body Bus?

14. Wireless Access Point / Router To Cable Co. Cable Modem Installing Home Wi-fi • Requirements • High-speed Internet • Cable Modem or DSL Modem (provided be ISP) • Wireless Access Point/Router • Wireless adapters for each device. • Additional Access Points as needed. http://www.linksys.com/

15. The Internet The Internet The Web Applications

16. What is the Internet? Visualization of the Internet’s topology from http://www.cybergeography.org/atlas/topology.html

17. The Internet • The Internet is the world’s largest public computer network, a network of networks that provides a vast array of services to individuals, businesses, and organizations around the world. • The Internet is a combination of hardware, software, and protocols.

18. Verizon’s/MCI’s UUNet carries 28% of Internet traffic Internet Hardware • The Internet backbone consists of the main pathways and connections of the Internet owned primarily by telecom companies. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_backbone

19. Internet Hardware • Network Service Providers • Major telecom companies that provide the Internet backbone. http://navigators.com/isp.html

20. Internet Hardware • Points of Presence (POPs) • Facilities provided by Network Service Providers that allow users to connect to the Internet backbone. • Internet Service Providers • Companies that provide users with access to the Internet. • Dial-up vs. DSS vs. Cell vs. DSL vs. Cable Top 22 ISP’s: http://www.isp-planet.com/research/rankings/usa.html

21. 7’ The Cisco CRS-1 router is controlled by a unique self-healing and self-defending operating system designed for always-on operation while scaling system capacity up to 92 Tbps. Routers such as this one manage traffic on the Internet Backbone. Internet Hardware • Routers: computing devices that manage network traffic by evaluating data packets and routing them to their destination. http://computer.howstuffworks.com/router1.htm

22. Packet Switching An email message Dear Joan, Hi! How’s it goin’? Just finished midterms, and it looks like I might graduate this semester after all! :-) My computer teacher is really great and I guess that I learned more than I thought in those wonderful lectures that I had previously written you about….

23. Packet Switching Broken into packets Dear Joan, Hi! How’s it goin’? Just finished midterms, and it looks like I might graduate this semester after all! :-) My computer teacher is really great and I guess that I learned more than I thought in those wonderful lectures that I had previously written you about….

24. Dear Joan, Hi! How’s it goin’? Just finished midterms, and it Message 3761HZA Date May 1 Packet 1 of 3From sweetykb@aol.comTo joan_kelly@yale.edu looks like I might graduate this semester after all! :-) My computer teacher is really great and I guess that I Message 3761HZA Date May 1 Packet 2 of 3From sweetykb@aol.comTo joan_kelly@yale.edu learned more than I thought in those wonderful lectures that I had previously written you about…. Message 3761HZA Date May 1 Packet 3 of 3From sweetykb@aol.comTo joan_kelly@yale.edu Packet Switching Packet headers added

25. Dear Joan, Hi! How’s it goin’? Just finished midterms, and it Message 3761HZA Date May 1 Packet 1 of 3From sweetykb@aol.comTo joan_kelly@yale.edu looks like I might graduate this semester after all! :-) My computer teacher is really great and I guess that I Message 3761HZA Date May 1 Packet 2 of 3From sweetykb@aol.comTo joan_kelly@yale.edu learned more than I thought in those wonderful lectures that I had previously written you about…. Message 3761HZA Date May 1 Packet 3 of 3From sweetykb@aol.comTo joan_kelly@yale.edu Packet Switching Each packet sent individually over the network

26. Packet Switched Network email email

27. Circuit Switched Network

28. Packet Switching • Packet switching is much more efficient than circuit switching. Technology:Networking/TelecomsWednesday 28 May 2003 Sprint moves to packet-switch networkSprint is to change its entire circuit-switched telephone network to packet technology in an attempt to keep up with customer demand for capacity. Sprint's eight million lines will be moved over to the packet-based asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) system, allowing voice, video and data to be broken down into small digital blocks and sent, in effect, simultaneously.This allows the network to be used more efficiently, and will also allow new multimedia services, Sprint said. Sprint is the first major telecoms company to move all of its local, tandem and long-distance networks over to packet technology, according to Nortel Networks spokeswoman Ann Fuller.

29. Internet Protocols • Protocols are rules that govern how data is transmitted and received. • They govern all Network and Internet communications: • The Internet • The Web • Email • Instant Messaging • Etc. Ports are numeric addresses assigned to specific network services, and used in packet headers to direct data packets to the appropriate service. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_TCP_and_UDP_port_numbers

30. Internet Protocols • TCP/IP • Transaction Control Protocol (TCP): Divides data into packets for transmission, and reassembles data from packets upon delivery. • Internet Protocol (IP): Controls the delivery of packets between IP addresses. • IP Address • a 32-bit number that identifies each sender or receiver of information that is sent in packets across the Internet. • 10000000.11111111.10110101.00010111 • 128.255.181.29 • www.fsu.edu

31. Network Architectures • Client/Server • Peer-to-Peer Original Napster vs. Kazaa

32. The Web

33. The Web • The World Wide Web is an Internet-based service that provides convenient access to information through hyperlinks.

34. Domain name Web Protocols & Standards • HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol defines and controls communication between Web server and client (Web browser). • URL: Uniform Resource Locator is the fancy name for a Web address. http://www.cs.fsu.edu/~baldauf/presentations/swt/2/index.html http://www.icann.org/

35. Web Protocols & Standards • HTML: Hypertext Markup Language is the formatting language used to define the appearance of Web pages. • Try View Source in IE • XML: New and popular standard for describing and classifying data in Web pages and other Web services.

36. Macromedia’s Dreamweaver software allows you to design Webpages and Websites using a WYSIWYG interface. Web-Authoring Software • Web Authoring Software allows you to create HTML documents using word-processor-like software

37. Internet and Web Applications

38. Communications E-commerce The Web InformationDistribution The Internet The Internet & Web

39. Communication and Collaboration • Face to Face • Video + Voice • Voice Only • Text Only Effectiveness

40. Communication and Collaboration • Synchronous Communication takes place in real time. • Phone conversation • Instant Messaging • Asynchronous Communication allows participants to leave messages to be accessed whenever. • Voice mail • Email • SMS Texting

41. Face-to-face • Video conferencing • Phone (voice) • Instant messaging/Chat • Voice mail • Email • SMS Texting Synchronous Effectiveness Asynchronous Convenience Communication and Collaboration

42. Voice over IP (VoIP) • Technology that enables network managers to route phone calls over the same network they use for data. Future of Phones: http://newsroom.cisco.com/dlls/video_audio_archive/?all Also see Video Telephony

43. Residential VoIP • Residential VoIP, also called Internet Phone, Broadband Phone • Place phone calls over your broadband Internet connection. • http://www.vonage.com • http://www.voipchoices.com/ • http://www.fcc.gov/voip/

44. News and Information • On-line news services allow you to drill-down into the story to get background information and details. Webcasting uses the Web to deliver news video footage.

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46. E-commerce • E-commerce has opened up new opportunities in buying and selling.

47. Travel • The Web has transformed the travel industry.

48. Employment and Careers • The Web assists us in researching career possibilities: • Selecting a career • Researching companies • Networking with colleagues • Searching want ads • Creating Resumes & Professional Websites

49. Multimedia & Entertainment • Music • Movies • Games

50. Information Consumers are increasingly reliant upon online resources to ease and inform major life events. • Research on the Web • Subject Directories, and Search Engines • Issues of reliability • Library Web sites • Research Databases