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The Quest for Equality: The Black Freedom Movement. Robyn C. Spencer Assistant Professor of History Lehman College. Agenda. Update on Archival Work (10 min) Race, Reform and Rebellion (30 min) Overview Triple Entry Journal Group Work
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The Quest for Equality: The Black Freedom Movement Robyn C. Spencer Assistant Professor of History Lehman College
Agenda • Update on Archival Work (10 min) • Race, Reform and Rebellion (30 min) • Overview • Triple Entry Journal Group Work • New Directions in Teaching the Black Freedom Movement (60 min) • Classroom Strategies Overview (20 min) • Teaching Resources/Videoclips from Vital • Letter; music; debates
“No Justice, No Peace: African Americans Against Vietnam” • 1. Read Newspapers at Local Libraries to collect data and ID relevant people/groups. • 2. Visit Archives to follow up on leads and collect more data. • 3. Begin Oral Interviews
Step 3: Identify Oral Interview Subjects Elbert Howard
Elbert Howard The Price Brothers
Triple Entry Notebook /Discussion • Statement • How you understand the idea • Surprises/Responses/Questions/Importance • Group Discussion: Break into small groups and each share one items from your list with your group members as a springboard to discuss the core concepts of the chapter. (25 minutes)
RETHINKING THE FAMILIAR • How can familiar stories of civil rights activism be complicated in order to reflect the latest historical scholarship?
Montgomery Bus Boycott, 1955 • Black Women’s Activism and The Roots of Protest • Women’s Political Council (1946) • Jo Ann Robinson • Claudette Colvin’s Arrest (15 years old) • March 2, 1955 • Rosa Parks Arrest • December 1, 1955 • WPC Mass Mobilization • The role of working class women
History of Activism Rethinking an Icon The Politics of Respectability
Duration: 381 Days • Cost: 65% of Bus Company’s business • Supreme Court Decision on November 13, 1956
COMPLICATING TIMELINES • How to counter the assumption that nonviolence was an unchallenged belief within the movement until the emergence of Black Power in 1966? • How to rethink the origins of the Black Power movement?
Nation of Islam (NOI) • Black Nationalist Ideology • Religious Interpretation • Appeal of NOI? • ”Promise dignity, racial pride and hope” • Who was attracted to NOI and why? • Activities
Last Year of Malcolm X’s life • March 1964 Leave NOI • Pilgrimage to Mecca • Change name to El Hajj Malik El-Shabazz • New Political Direction • Organization Building • Muslim Mosque, Inc • OAAU • Tour of Africa • Assassination on February 21, 1965
RETHINKING LEADERSHIP • How to introduce alternatives to the charismatic male leader model?
ELLA BAKER: I have always felt it was a handicap for oppressed peoples to depend so largely upon a leader, because unfortunately in our culture, the charismatic leader usually becomes a leader because he has found a spot in the public limelight. . .