Objective:

1. Objective: • Know the Proper terms to use when talking about horses. • Be able to recognize some of the different color patterns of horses.

2. Horse Terms

3. Monday Morning Disease • Equine exertional rhabdomyolysis/ Azoturia/ Tying up • loins and quarters harden resulting in cramps and muscular stiffness when exercised • Hard working horse gets rest

4. Hindquarters: Rear of flank – top of tail – top of gaskin

5. Pronounced croup: jumper’s bump Barrel Hind cannon: shank • Highest point: poll • Weakest part of back: loin behind saddle • Top of hindquarter hip – tail: croup • Hock – Stifle: Gaskin • Withers: horse’s height is measured

6. Fistulous Withers (ridge btw shoulder blades): Inflammation of bursa • Bony part of tail where hair grows: DOCK

7. terms

8. Drive horse harnes

9. Farrier • Skilled Craftsperson who Shoes horses • Shoes distributes the weight of the limb over a larger surface area and moves the breakover point further back on the foot • Shoes reduce the stress on the lamellar tissue along the front of the foot while consistently supporting the sole of the foot

10. Laminitis • Transient ischemia: coagulopathy • breakdown and degeneration between the horny and sensitive laminae Illustration by Dr. Gheorghe Constantinescu

11. Laminitis stance/ Founder

12. Fungal/bacterial infection in cleft of frog Hoof Frog: rubber pad on the sole, shock absorber

13. Mare • Female horse 4 yrs and older (after 3rd birthday) • Usually after having an offspring.

14. Filly • Young female horse < 4 yrs old (2-3 yrs old) • Female foal: Filly foal • Feathering • Yearling: Colt or filly btw 1-2 yrs

15. Brood Mare • Mare that is used strictly for breeding

16. Stallion • Male horse • STUD • Uncastrated male horse • Also called Entire • Intact male after 3rd birthday

17. Colt • Young male horse • Uncastrated Male horse 4yrs Old(2-3 yrs old)

18. Gelding • Male horse castrated before reaching sexual maturity

19. Foal • Young Horse male or female • Birth – weaning: 4-7 months • Up to 1 yr old • Colt • filly • gelding (castrated)

20. Jack • Male donkey

21. Jennet (Jenny) • Female donkey

22. HYBRIDS

23. Mule • Offspring of a mare mated to a jack • More common than hinney • All male mules and most female mules are infertile

24. Hinney • Offspring of a jenny mated to a stallion

25. Zony • Offspring of a pony mated to zebra stallion

26. Zorse • Offspring of a stallion zebra mated to a mare

27. Hand • Unit of measurement for horses • A hand is equal to 4 inches. • The height of a horse is measured at the withers.

28. Light Horses • Most horses, usually riding breeds; small bones and thin legs • Above 14.2 hands • 900 – 1200 lbs. • AQH, Arabian, Thoroughbreed, Morgan, Standarbreed, Tennessee walking….

29. Draft Horses • Was developed in Northern Europe as war horses • Above 16 hands • 1,500 – 2,500 lbs • Large bones and thick • Percheron, Clydesdale, Belgian

30. Pony • A breed of horse that is under 14.2 hands. • <800 lb. • Welsh, Pony of Americas, Shetland

31. Breed registries with color requirements • Color is not breed • Pinto, Palomino, Buckskin, American paint horse, Appaloosa and Friesian are breeds with distinct color

32. Horse Colors

33. Horse Colors Continued

34. Bay Red – reddish brown, with black mane and tail

35. Brown Black and tan

36. Reddish brown – brownish orange with same color mane with lighter extremities (if only red: chestnut) Sorrel

37. Dapple Gray "dapples", which are dark rings with lighter hairs on the inside of the ring, scattered over the entire body of the animal

38. Paint

39. Spotted

40. Pale cream – gold with whitish mane and tail Palomino

41. Pinto • White with patches • of another color • Piebald: white/black • Skewbald: white with any color except black

42. Light yellowish with black tail and mane Buckskin

43. White

44. Roan Base color: red, black or brown with white hair that give speckled look, usually darker in head and lower legs

45. Chestnut Dark red or brownish red

46. Brindle horse

47. Patient Identification • Signalment • Breed, coat color • Point markings • 6: 4 legs, head, tail • Standardization is limited: • Sock – stocking? • Coronet – pastern? • Draw/ camera

48. Star A star is any white marking on the forehead of the horse. A star can be small, large, regular or irregular in shape, in the center of the forehead or off to the left or right side of the forehead.

49. Stripe or Strip (small marking) A stripe or strip is a white marking on the bridge of the horse's nose, below the level of the eyes and above the level of the nostrils

50. Connected Star and Stripe • A star is often connected to a stripe and is described as a connected star and stripe. • A stripe or strip can be long, short, wide, narrow, centered on the face of the horse or off to the left or right side.