Subordination by Appositives

1. Subordination by Appositives Lesson 25 By Joseph C. Blumenthal

2. Joseph Priestly discovered oxygen. • Because most people might not know who Joseph Priestly was, it would be a good idea to add an explanation. • Joseph Priestly, an English minister, discovered oxygen. • The noun minister explained the noun ______________.

3. Joseph Priestly discovered oxygen. • Because most people might not know who Joseph Priestly was, it would be a good idea to add an explanation. • Joseph Priestly, an English minister, discovered oxygen. • The noun minister explained the noun Joseph Priestly.

4. A noun or pronoun—often with modifiers—that is set after another noun or pronoun to explain it is called an appositive. • Joseph Priestly, an English minister, discovered oxygen. • The appositive is the noun ______.

5. A noun or pronoun—often with modifiers—that is set after another noun or pronoun to explain it is called an appositive. • Joseph Priestly, an English minister, discovered oxygen. • The appositive is the noun minister.

6. Anna won the first prize, a trip to Washington. • The noun trip explains the noun ____.

7. Anna won the first prize, a trip to Washington. • The noun trip explains the noun prize.

8. Anna won the first prize, a trip to Washington. • The appositive is the noun ___.

9. Anna won the first prize, a trip to Washington. • The appositive is the noun trip.

10. Both parties, the Republicans and the Democrats, favored the bill. • This sentence contains ___ appositives. (How many?)

11. Both parties, the Republicans and the Democrats, favored the bill. • This sentence contains twoappositives. (How many?)

12. Both parties, the Republicans and the Democrats, favored the bill. • The two appositives are the words ____________ and __________.

13. Both parties, the Republicans and the Democrats, favored the bill. • The two appositives are the words Republicansand Democrats.

14. An appositive generally comes (before, after) the noun or pronoun it explains.

15. An appositive generally comes (before, after) the noun or pronoun it explains.

16. The soprano, Camilla Williams, sang at the White House. • Camilla Williams, the soprano, sang at the White House. • Is the appositive the same in both sentences? (yes, no)

17. The soprano, Camilla Williams, sang at the White House. • Camilla Williams, the soprano, sang at the White House. • Is the appositive the same in both sentences? (yes, no)

18. The modifiers of an appositive may consist of words, phrases, and clauses. • Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the Nobel prizes. • The appositive inventor is modified by a (phrase, clause).

19. The modifiers of an appositive may consist of words, phrases, and clauses. • Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the Nobel prizes. • The appositive inventor is modified by a (phrase, clause).

20. Alfred Nobel, the chemist who invented dynamite, established the Nobel prizes. • The appositive chemist is modified by a (phrase, clause).

21. Alfred Nobel, the chemist who invented dynamite, established the Nobel prizes. • The appositive chemist is modified by a (phrase, clause).

22. An appositive with its modifiers forms an appositive • Pete, their youngest son, has just started college. • Pete has just started college.

23. An appositive with its modifiers forms an appositive • Pete, their youngest son, has just started college. • Pete has just started college. • When we omit the appositive phrase, does a complete sentence remain? (yes, no)

24. An appositive with its modifiers forms an appositive • Pete, their youngest son, has just started college. • Pete has just started college. • When we omit the appositive phrase, does a complete sentence remain? (yes, no)

25. An appositive is useful for avoiding an “I-forgot-to-tell-you” type of sentence that explains something you have just named in the previous sentence. • Mrs. Cross is editor. She is a friend of my teacher’s. • The second sentence explains ________ in the first sentence.

26. An appositive is useful for avoiding an “I-forgot-to-tell-you” type of sentence that explains something you have just named in the previous sentence. • Mrs. Cross is editor. She is a friend of my teacher’s. • The second sentence explains Mrs. Cross in the first sentence.

27. Mrs. Cross is editor. She is a friend of my teacher’s. • Mrs. Cross, a friend of my teacher’s, is the editor. • We change the italicized sentence to an appositive and put in next to the noun ________, which it explains.

28. Mrs. Cross is editor. She is a friend of my teacher’s. • Mrs. Cross, a friend of my teacher’s, is the editor. • We change the italicized sentence to an appositive and put in next to the noun Mrs. Cross, which it explains.

29. a. Mrs. Cross is editor. She is a friend of my teacher’s. • b. Mrs. Cross, a friend of my teacher’s, is the editor. • Which arrangement is better because it puts the explanation of Mrs. Cross where it belongs—directly after the noun it explains. (a, b)

30. a. Mrs. Cross is editor. She is a friend of my teacher’s. • b. Mrs. Cross, a friend of my teacher’s, is the editor. • Which arrangement is better because it puts the explanation of Mrs. Cross where it belongs—directly after the noun it explains. (a, b)

31. Watch your writing for a weak sentence explaining something you have just written. If it contains the verb is, are, was, or were, followed by a noun, change it to an appositive phrase and fit it into the previous sentence. • Mrs. Lee urged us to win. • She is our new coach. • Which sentence can be changed to an appositive? (a, b)

32. Watch your writing for a weak sentence explaining something you have just written. If it contains the verb is, are, was, or were, followed by a noun, change it to an appositive phrase and fit it into the previous sentence. • Mrs. Lee urged us to win. • She is our new coach. • Which sentence can be changed to an appositive? (a, b)

33. Mrs. Lee urged us to win. • She is our new coach. • Why is it easy to change sentence b to an appositive phrase? It is easy because sentence b contains the verb is, followed but the noun ______, which will become the appositive to explain Ms. Lee in sentence a.

34. Mrs. Lee urged us to win. • She is our new coach. • Why is it easy to change sentence b to an appositive phrase? It is easy because sentence b contains the verb is, followed but the noun coach, which will become the appositive to explain Ms. Lee in sentence a.

35. Mrs. Lee played college tennis.(She is) our new coach. • Mrs. Lee, our new coach, once played college tennis • In changing the italicized sentence to an appositive phrase, we dropped everything except the noun ______ and its modifiers.

36. Mrs. Lee played college tennis.(She is) our new coach. • Mrs. Lee, our new coach, once played college tennis • In changing the italicized sentence to an appositive phrase, we dropped everything except the noun coachand its modifiers.

37. Mrs. Lee played college tennis.(She is) our new coach. • Mrs. Lee, our new coach, once played college tennis • Then we put the appositive phrase directly after the noun _______, which it explains.

38. Mrs. Lee played college tennis.(She is) our new coach. • Mrs. Lee, our new coach, once played college tennis • Then we put the appositive phrase directly after the noun Ms. Lee, which it explains.

39. Mrs. Lee played college tennis. She is our new coach. • Mrs. Lee, our new coach, once played college tennis • In which arrangement does the explanation of Ms. Lee sound less like an afterthought? (a, b)

40. Mrs. Lee played college tennis. She is our new coach. • Mrs. Lee, our new coach, once played college tennis • In which arrangement does the explanation of Ms. Lee sound less like an afterthought? (a, b)

41. Do not confuse an appositive phrase with an adjective clause. An appositive phrase consists only of a noun (or pronoun) with its modifiers. An adjective clause always has a subject and a _____.

42. Do not confuse an appositive phrase with an adjective clause. An appositive phrase consists only of a noun (or pronoun) with its modifiers. An adjective clause always has a subject and a verb. (or predicate)

43. Mrs. Lee played college tennis. She is our new coach. • Mrs. Lee, our new coach, once played college tennis • Which sentence contains an appositive phrase? (a, b)

44. Mrs. Lee played college tennis. She is our new coach. • Mrs. Lee, our new coach, once played college tennis • Which sentence contains an appositive phrase? (a, b)

45. We visited Monticello, which was the home of Thomas. • We visited Monticello, the home of Thomas Jefferson. • Which sentence contains an appositive phrase? (a, b)

46. We visited Monticello, which was the home of Thomas. • We visited Monticello, the home of Thomas Jefferson. • Which sentence contains an appositive phrase? (a, b)

47. Write the following answers on your own sheet of paper.

48. An appositive phrase should be set off from the rest of the sentence by two commas (or a single comma if it ends the sentence) because it is an “extra” that could be omitted. • Write down the appositive phrase for the sentence: • 1. Only one other team the New York Giants did as well.

49. Write down the appositive phrase for the sentence: • 2. The car belongs to Virginia Wade the English tennis star.

50. Write down the appositive phrase for the sentence: • 3. The Icelanders immigrants from Norway colonized there in the ninth century.