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Landscape Development & Environmental Change

Landscape Development & Environmental Change. Landscapes : the features of Earth’s surface Stream Drainage : the shape of the stream in an area . Mountains, Plateaus, & Plains. Based on gradient, elevation, & rock structure.

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Landscape Development & Environmental Change

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  1. Landscape Development & Environmental Change

  2. Landscapes: the features of Earth’s surface • Stream Drainage: the shape of the stream in an area

  3. Mountains, Plateaus, & Plains • Based on gradient, elevation, & rock structure. • Mountains: high elevation, steep gradient, and distorted rock structures. Adirondack Mountains, NY

  4. Mountains, Plateaus, & Plains • Plateaus: high elevation, flat slope, undistorted horizontal rock structure.

  5. Mountains, Plateaus, & Plains • Plains: low elevation, flat surface, usually sedimentary rocks

  6. Landform Regions of the Unites States

  7. Factors of Landscape Development • Uplifting forcesand leveling forcescan form and change landscapes. • Impact events can also change landscapes. • Sources of energy: • Uplifting: heat from Earth’s interior / mantle convection • Leveling: insolation & gravity

  8. Time & Landscape Changes • Landscape features depend on the length of time that uplifting and leveling forces have acted on the rocks. • Dynamic Equilibrium: at any one time, landscape features reflect a state of balance.

  9. Climate and Landscape Development • Landscapes are influenced by: • Temperature • Moisture • Arid Climates • Steep slopes, and sharp, angular landscape features. • Sandblasted features • Humid Climates • More rounded, smooth landscape features

  10. Arid climate Humid climate

  11. Climate and Landscape Development • Recent Glaciation Landscape Features: • Mountaintops with little soil • Widespread transported soil • Unsorted soil • Wide, U-shaped valleys • Many lakes • Parallel grooves in bedrock • Many small hills (drumlins, etc.)

  12. Climate and Landscape Development • Soil and Climate: • Soils in arid regions are thin/nonexistent, sandy, and contain many minerals. These trees are growing in an arid climate.

  13. Bedrock • The composition and structure of bedrock can affect the landscape in a region. • Rock types and hill slopes: • Structural Features: folds, faults, etc. can lead to many changes in landscape features in an area. • Streams: the direction, drainage pattern, features, and gradient of a stream are directly related to bedrock.

  14. Bedrock • Rock types and hill slopes: 3. Soils: differences in soil composition are due to differences in underlying bedrock.

  15. Effect of Landscapes ON People • Streams and Rivers • Dangerous flooding • Ocean shores • Dangerous flooding, hurricanes, rise in sea level • Clay-rich areas • Slow mass movement; landslides, liquefaction during earthquakes • Dangers can be reduced with proper planning, laws, and zoning limitations.

  16. Changes of Landscapes BY People • Humans have GREATLY affected the environment:

  17. Changes of Landscapes BY People • Human population increasing RAPIDLY • Landscape pollution is HIGHEST in areas with HIGH population density.

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