Selecting the Right Biometric Presentation

1. Chapter 8 Selecting a Biometric Presentation by Phani Dogiparthi

2. Contents: • Biometric Attributes • Properties of Applications • Evaluating Biometric Options • Cost and Affordability of Biometric • Pros and Cons of Various Biometrics • Myths and Misrepresentations

3. Factors Associated with choosing a Biometric

4. Comparison of the Various Attributes

5. Application Requisites • What is the protected asset; • Who are the authorized users and operators; • Who are the adversaries of the application; • What can be the costs of security violations; • What is the actual cost of the security; and • What is the added cost of inconvenience?

6. Categories of Applications • Cooperative and Non-cooperative • Overt and Covert • Habituated and Non-habituated • Attended and Non-attended • Standard Environment • Public and Private • Open and Closed

7. Importance Weightings

8. Drawbacks of various Biometrics

9. Mismatch Calculation

10. Zephyr Charts

11. Characteristics Weighting

12. Affordability and Cost • Total Cost of ownership • Verification versus Identification • Single and Multiple Authentication protocols • Training -> System Training -> Enrollment • Continued Enrollment • Failure to Enroll • User Education • Supervisory Labor • Maintenance Labor

13. Positives and Negatives of the Biometrics

14. Fingerprint - Pros • Long Tradition of usage of fingerprint as immutable identification in law enforcement • Existing of large databases of fingerprints comprising largely of criminals • Forensic investigation uses fingerprint • Sampling of the fingerprint is easy • Conversion of fingerprints into digital images is getting easier, better and cheaper • Various state departments of motor vehicles are working to establish a fingerprint biometric system for driver’s license and record data

15. Fingerprint-Cons • Finger print suffer from poor public reputation • Social stigma such that it is related to illiterate • Variation occurs due to age, cut or due to working conditions • Sampling variations due to improper usage of the apparatus • Rare situations like people without fingers.

16. Face - Pros • Photos are widely used and usage is public accepted • Face recognition systems are least intrusive. • In theory this biometric works with image sources • In theory can be applied to identify criminals in crowd • It is good biometric for small scale verification purpose

17. Face - Cons • Face authentication requires images taken in a good controlled lighted environment • Presently it is a poor biometric for usage in pure identification protocol • Disguise - a major obstacle • Usage may hamper due to social stigma

18. Voice - Pros • Like face voice is natural biometric • Voice sampling can also be obtained unobtrusively • Great public acceptance of this biometric • Voice uses inexpensive hardware and can be established on current communications systems • Voice allows incremental protocols • Voice may achieve high accuracy and flexibility when combined with knowledge verification • Voice allows continuous identity checking

19. Voice - Cons • Imitation by possible in voice • Possibility of creating nonexistent identities with text-to-speech technology • Depends on high quality capturing of audio signal • Possibility in rare cases where voice is lost

20. Iris - pros • Widely believed to be the most accurate biometric • Sample acquisition is unobtrusive – no physical contact • Received only little negative press • Present claim is that iris does not involve high training costs

21. Iris - Cons • There are no or few legacy iris databases • Sampling the iris patterns requires much user cooperation or complex, expensive input devices • Iris authentication is hampered by vision aid • This biometric is not left as an evidence in the scene of crime, so not used for forensic applications • Cases like missing eye

22. Hand - Pros • Certain amount of public acceptance • Termed as “do-it-yourself” operation • Existing of at least one scenario evaluation of hand geometry • Can be used in place in stronger biometric where stronger might induce public fear

23. Hand - Cons • Physical contact induces public hygiene • Not very distinctive • Existence of only one scenario application rises doubts about Hand as Biometric • Mutation

24. Signature - Pros • Man-made biometric- extensive study in forgery • Used to identify impersonation even at enrollment stage • Training is fast • Has fast response and low storage requirements • Independent of the native language of speaker • Combination of information and biometric • Unaffected by high compression rates

25. Signature - Cons • Excessive usage of signature rises perception that it is not secure enough for protection • Scaling properties and identifier standards are hard to set • A five-dimensional pen is needed to get desired accuracy which makes hardware costly • Medical conditions prevent people from writing consistently

26. Myths and Misrepresentations • Biometric “X” is best for all applications • Biometric “X” is unique for each individual • A single number quantifies system accuracy • System is “ plug and play “ • Real accuracy performance can be predicted • The vendors reporting best FAR and FRR has the “most accurate system” • Multiple biometrics outperform single biometrics • “Our biometric system does not use a decision threshold”

27. “Our feature extractor can be used with any match engine” • Large templates mean better accuracy • Face recognition prevents terrorism • Biometrics means 100 percent security • Biometric systems invade our privacy • Biometric sensors are unhygienic or otherwise harmful

28. Thank you