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Kinetic Theory of Gases

Kinetic Theory of Gases. Chemistry Mrs. Coyle. Part I- Kinetic Molecular Theory and Pressure. Gas Phase. State Variables of a Gas: describe the State of a Gas (PVT). SI Unit Pressure (P) Pascals Pa Volume (V) m 3 Temperature (T) Kelvin

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Kinetic Theory of Gases

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  1. Kinetic Theory of Gases ChemistryMrs. Coyle

  2. Part I- Kinetic Molecular Theory and Pressure

  3. Gas Phase

  4. State Variables of a Gas: describe the State of a Gas (PVT) SI Unit • Pressure (P) Pascals Pa • Volume (V) m3 • Temperature (T) Kelvin • Amount of gas molecules mol

  5. Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP) • 1 atm =760mmHg (torr) = 101.3 kPa • 273K =0 0C

  6. Pressure P= F A Units of Pressure: pascal, mmHg, atm 1 Pa = 1 N/m2

  7. Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT)-Ideal Gases • The volume of the individual particles of a gas are negligible compared to the distances between them. • The particles are in constant motion. The collisions of the particles with the walls of the container cause pressure.

  8. KMT Continued • The particles are assumed not to exert attracting or repelling forces on each other. The collisions are perfectly elastic. No kinetic energy is lost before and after the collision. • The average kinetic energy of a gas is directly proportional to the Kelvin temperature.

  9. Simulation • http://www2.biglobe.ne.jp/~norimari/science/JavaApp/Mole/e-gas.html

  10. Part II • Temperature and KE • Measuring Pressure: Barometer, Manometer

  11. Temperature • How hot – cold • Average kinetic energy of molecules.

  12. Temperature Scales Freezing Point of Water Boiling Point of Water • Celsius 0 100 • Kelvin 273 373 • Fahrenheit 32 212 • K=273+C (absolute zero: 0 K) • F=(9/5)C +32 • When you increase T by one degree C, how many K do you increase by?

  13. Kinetic Energy • KE= ½ m v2 • v speed, m mass • Example: speed of oxygen molecule at 25oC = 443 m/s

  14. Manometer- Open End Gas Sample PC=PB PA= Atmospheric Pressure PB=PA+ PAB PAB is measured in mmHg (torr) PAB is called gauge pressure.

  15. Manometer- Closed End“Barometer” Gas Sample PC=PB PA= 0 atm PB= PAB

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