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Understanding Gas State Variables and Kinetic Molecular Theory

Learn about the state of gases, pressure, volume, temperature, and the kinetic molecular theory. Explore gas phase variables such as pressure (Pascals), volume (m3), and temperature (Kelvin). Discover the principles of Kinetic Molecular Theory and ideal gases. Dive into temperature scales and kinetic energy calculations.

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Understanding Gas State Variables and Kinetic Molecular Theory

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  1. Kinetic Theory of Gases ChemistryMrs. Coyle

  2. Part I- Kinetic Molecular Theory and Pressure

  3. Gas Phase

  4. State Variables of a Gas: describe the State of a Gas (PVT) SI Unit • Pressure (P) Pascals Pa • Volume (V) m3 • Temperature (T) Kelvin • Amount of gas molecules mol

  5. Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP) • 1 atm =760mmHg (torr) = 101.3 kPa • 273K =0 0C

  6. Pressure P= F A Units of Pressure: pascal, mmHg, atm 1 Pa = 1 N/m2

  7. Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT)-Ideal Gases • The volume of the individual particles of a gas are negligible compared to the distances between them. • The particles are in constant motion. The collisions of the particles with the walls of the container cause pressure.

  8. KMT Continued • The particles are assumed not to exert attracting or repelling forces on each other. The collisions are perfectly elastic. No kinetic energy is lost before and after the collision. • The average kinetic energy of a gas is directly proportional to the Kelvin temperature.

  9. Simulation • http://www2.biglobe.ne.jp/~norimari/science/JavaApp/Mole/e-gas.html

  10. Part II • Temperature and KE • Measuring Pressure: Barometer, Manometer

  11. Temperature • How hot – cold • Average kinetic energy of molecules.

  12. Temperature Scales Freezing Point of Water Boiling Point of Water • Celsius 0 100 • Kelvin 273 373 • Fahrenheit 32 212 • K=273+C (absolute zero: 0 K) • F=(9/5)C +32 • When you increase T by one degree C, how many K do you increase by?

  13. Kinetic Energy • KE= ½ m v2 • v speed, m mass • Example: speed of oxygen molecule at 25oC = 443 m/s

  14. Manometer- Open End Gas Sample PC=PB PA= Atmospheric Pressure PB=PA+ PAB PAB is measured in mmHg (torr) PAB is called gauge pressure.

  15. Manometer- Closed End“Barometer” Gas Sample PC=PB PA= 0 atm PB= PAB

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