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The Cold War Legacy: Ideological Conflict in International Relations

Explore how ideological differences post-WWII shaped politics, alliances, and conflicts during the Cold War period, with key events such as Yalta, Potsdam, and the creation of NATO and Warsaw Pact. Dive into the geopolitical struggles, including the Berlin Blockade, Korean War, Cuban Missile Crisis, and the dissolution of the USSR under Gorbachev. Understand the impact of power shifts, containment strategies, and events like the Hungarian Revolution and Prague Spring. Uncover the intricacies of superpower rivalry, brinkmanship, and nuclear tensions that defined this era.

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The Cold War Legacy: Ideological Conflict in International Relations

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  1. The Cold War: To what extent did ideological conflict affect international relations after the second world war? “It’s Iced Out Like A Freezer” Also “It’s Cooler than a Polar Bear’s Toenails”

  2. Conferences • Moscow – Fate of Central Europe, Spheres of Influence • Yalta – Division of Germany into occupation zones • Soviets wanted huge reparations, Allies wanted to rebuild • Potsdam – Stalin and Truman didn’t agree on anything – how do we treat Germany and Poland?

  3. Alliances of Cold War USA (Democratic/Capitalists USSR (Communist/CPE) Political: Cominform Economic: Comecon Military: Warsaw Pact Political: Truman Doctrine Economic: Marshal Plan Military: NATO (Europe&NA) SEATO ( S.E. Asia) ANZUS(Aust/NZ/US) NORAD (US& Can.)

  4. GERMANY ISSUE • Allied Control Council – Management of Germany • West Berlin in middle of East Germany • Balance of Power – Equilibrium of alliances – checks on any one nation becoming too powerful • Sphere of Influence – extent to which a nation exerts influence beyond its own borders • Bipolar – world polarizes to USA+allies vs. USSR+allies

  5. Polish Question • What to do with Poland? • Who will govern, and where will borders go? • Government-in-exile in London – supported by West • Soviet puppet government in Lublin – suppressed freedoms (Poland in Soviet Sphere of Influence) • Soviet border moves USSR border further west, Poland compensated with German territory • West doesn’t really like it but not in a position to challenge

  6. Greece

  7. The Domino Theory

  8. Stalin is an… Octopus?

  9. Marshall Plan

  10. Describe the Characters.

  11. Berlin: 1945-1949

  12. Berlin Blockade

  13. European Containment

  14. Super Power Dance?

  15. Berlin Blockade

  16. Berlin Airlift

  17. Stalin’s Move over Europe

  18. Rejections to Illiberalism of the USSR • Hungarian Revolution of 1956 • Czechoslovakian Uprising: Prague Spring 1968 • Yugoslavia: Tito’s Defense • Tito – A man Unwilling to accept Being pushed around by Moscow

  19. Poland and Hungary

  20. Czechoslovakia • 1946 – Communist PM elected in Czechoslovakia • Foreign minister mysteriously dies- Jan Masaryk

  21. NATO • NATO = North Atlantic Treaty • Organization • 1947 – Tensions between Soviets and West • 1948 – Treaty of Brussels – Pooling of military resources of Br, Fr, Lux, Belg, Neth • Vandenberg Resolution – USA would align itself with regional alliances designed to promote security – allies with Brussels members = military union between US and Europe

  22. NATO

  23. Cominform / Comecon / Warsaw

  24. Cold War Events 1950-1991 • Korean War • Khrushchev – Peaceful Co-existence • Berlin Wall • U2 Spy Plane • Castro Seizes power of Cuba • Bay of Pigs Invasion • Cuban Missile Crisis • Vietnam War 1965-1972 • Afghanistan War 1979-1989 • Gorbachev take power 1985 and ends USSR

  25. Korea • Enter Korean War • 1945 – Stalin and Truman jointly occupy Korea • June 1950 – North invades South – 38 Parallel – forceful unification • Truman sends military assistance to South Korea and Taiwan • If US didn’t help South Korea it would be a betrayal • US pushes resolution through the Security Council requesting assistance to Korea • At the time the Soviets were boycotting the UN – no veto • Shift in policy – Soviets would start to help other communist regimes – spread the red

  26. Khrushchev • “Many roads to socialism” – diversify Communism

  27. 1956 – Demonstrations against ruling regime – workers, students, intellectuals • USSR gets worried, sends army to put down the demonstrations, replace leaders • Hungarians wished to become autonomous and withdraw from Warsaw Pact = Soviets crush revolution • Over 20k killed, 20k jailed, 200k fled Hungary • Invasion of Hungary violates Warsaw Pact • Force bound Eastern Bloc, not ideology • USSR prepared to use military means to force hegemony in Eastern Europe – vital to defense • US couldn’t help Hungary – open confrontation with USSR

  28. Berlin Wall

  29. BERLIN WALL • Constructed in 1961 to stop exodus of people to West Berlin

  30. Gary Powers • Not related to Austin • Flew U2 spy plane over Soviet Union, gets shot down

  31. Cuban Revolution: Castro seizes power from Batista with C. Guevara help over throw America Imperialism in Cuba

  32. Bay of Pigs • April 1961 – Invasion of Cuba – fails horribly

  33. Cuban Missile Crisis • Hawks / Doves / Owls • Hawks – Direct Invasion or AirstrikeDoves – Diplomacy – Barter JupitersOwls – Middle of the Road – Blockade • Owls prevail – Kennedy announces nukes on Cuba, blockades • Blockade is technically and act of war, so Cuba was “quarantined”

  34. The 2 Kennedy’s Plan to stop the USSR!

  35. Krushchev and Castro prepare for war!

  36. Pictures of Missiles in Cuba

  37. Cuban Missile Crisis

  38. Brinkmanship

  39. EXCOMM Kenedy and staffers

  40. President Kennedy signs proclamation for naval quarantine of Cuba, 23 October 1962.

  41. Soviet Military Build Up In Cuba, late October 1962

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