1 / 64

WWI

WWI. 1st World War in history Great War or War to End all War Not called WWI until after WWII Total war Involved 60 nations and 6 continents. Cost of War $400 billion $10 million dollars an hour 16 million deaths First war of the Industrial Revolution ……

jwitherington
Download Presentation

WWI

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. WWI

  2. 1st World War in history • Great War or War to End all War • Not called WWI until after WWII • Total war • Involved 60 nationsand 6 continents

  3. Cost of War • $400 billion • $10 million dollars an hour 16 million deaths • First war of the Industrial Revolution…… New Weaponsvsold tactics of fighting

  4. world map

  5. The Real Causes of the War • Imperialism- European powers were going to all parts of the world to gain land. • Africa, Asia, The Pacific • By 1910, the most desirable colonies had been taken. • Germany envied France and Britain b/c they had the most richest colonies. • They soon realized that the only way to get land in Africa was to take it away from the colonizers.

  6. Cartoon-European grab bag CAUSES OF WORLD WAR I European nations competing for colonies around the world…..Imperialism

  7. Cartoon-European grab bag COLONIAL CLAIMS BY 1900

  8. Cartoon-European grab bag COLONIAL CLAIMS BY 1900

  9. Nationalism 2 forms- 1: to act in the country’s own national interest. Ex: Alsace-Lorraine-strip of land on the boarder of France and Germany. Had been taken by Germany in 1871 and France was expecting to gain it back. Germany did not want to give it up. This caused problems in their relationship.

  10. 2. The longing for an ethnic minority independence in a nation where there are many different/diverse groups. • Ex: Austria-Hungary- Hungarians and German speaking Austrians governed millions of Czechs, Slovaks, Poles Italians, Romanians and Serbs. • These different groups wanted their own independent self government and lands. • This often caused conflict within the nation itself.

  11. Militarism Building up a nation’s military for war and giving them more power than the government. Austria-Hungary, France, Germany, Great Britain, Russia Spend large sums of money on new weapons and warships. All of these countries were preparing for war.

  12. Alliances • European nations began forming military alliances with one another to maintain a balance of power …….. • Triple AllianceTriple EntenteCentral PowersAllied Powers • Germany Great Britain Austria-Hungary Empire FranceBulgaria Russia

  13. franz Assassination of Franz Ferdinand Franz Ferdinand’s funeral procession Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his family. Archduke was heir to the throne in the Austrian Hungarian Empire. His assassination June 28, 1914 eventually led to WWI. Garvillo Princip, a Serbian nationalist assassinated the Archduke. He was trying to gain allowances for his fellow Serbs who lived under Austrian rule.

  14. Alliance Chain Reaction • When the Archduke was assassinated, Bosnia along with Serbia were annexed to Austria-Hungary. • Austria-Hungary was convinced Serbia has something to do with the killings. • They used this excuse to declare war on Serbia on July 28, 1914. • This set off the chain reaction of alliances throughout Europe.

  15. July 29, 1914- (Russia was Serbia’s protector) began mobilization. Germany demanded Russia stop. They didn’t. Germany declared war on Russia. Russia’s ally France declared war on Germany. Germany declares war on Belgium. Great Britain declared war on Germany.

  16. Schlieffen Plan Quick sweep through France to knock the French out of the war then turn east and defeat Russia. Germany is between France and Russia. This plan was put in order to avoid fighting both countries at the same time.

  17. Germany had to pass through Belgium to get to France • Belgium was neutral. • Germany hoped Britain would stay out of the war. • The invasion of Belgium brought Britain into the war. • 1 week after the conflict started all of Europe’s great powers were involved.

  18. Central Powers • Germany • Austria-Hungary • Bulgaria • Allies • Russia • France • Serbia • Great Britain

  19. Deadly Technology Leads to Stalemate Stalemate- Both sides can’t gain the advantage. Germany and France and Britain 1914 Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria join Central Powers Italy and Romania join Allies

  20. Central Powers • Germany • Austria-Hungary • Ottoman Empire • Bulgaria • Allies • Russia • France • Serbia • Great Britain • Italy • Romania

  21. Deadly Technology • Machine guns and rapid fire artillery • Grenades • Submarines • Poison Gas • Air Planes • Zeppelins • Tanks • Battle of Somme in 1916 British troops lost 20,000 troops in one day.

  22. Trench Warfare Trench foot Contracted lice from rats Constant fear No man’s land Casualties (French had 1,000,000 casualties in first 3 months of war)

  23. Trench Warfare

  24. TRENCH WARFARE

  25. American Response Some felt personally involved b/c 92 million were immigrants or children of immigrants. Germans and Irish for Central Powers Most Americans for Allies Wilson wanted Americans to remain neutral.

  26. US IN 1914 • Panama Canal was completed in August of 1914 just a week before WWI began in Europe. • Woodrow Wilson became President in 1912. • Americans were shocked by the outbreak of war but…………..it was in Europe. • US was officially NEUTRAL

  27. American Response American Neutrality- Influenced by trade Preparedness Movement- Be ready for war. Patriotic education (Propaganda) Peace Movement- Progressives, social reformers and women. (Women marching down streets proclaiming peace).

  28. American Opinions 3 groups Isolationists- Stay out of war Interventionists- U.S. should intervene on side of Allies Internationalists- Get involved only to solve the problem and promote peace.

  29. Britain Blockades Germany Britain blockades Germany for its contraband. Later Britain took all of the goods that were supposed to go into Germany. (Food, cotton, medicine, gasoline) German response = blockade of Britain

  30. German Submarine Warfare U-Boats- Britain and Germany competed to build the largest and strongest navy. Germany blockaded Britain by navy. Propaganda used by Britain to sway U.S. opinion. Lusitania- 128 Americans killed Germany agreed to stop blowing up passenger ships. March 24,1916 Sussexwas sunk by Germans

  31. Killed 2 Americans Sussex Pledge- Germans would warn ships before they sank them. Wilson authorized banks to make a huge loan to the Allies.

  32. SINKING OF THE LUSITANIA • May 7, 1915, the Germans sunk the Lusitania which was British passenger liner. • Germans believed it was carrying contraband (weapons)to the British. • Killed 1,198 civilians including 128 Americans. • U.S. and other countries outraged towards Germany because of “unrestricted submarine warfare”. • US believed the Germans had violated international law of targeting civilians

  33. war zone

  34. America Enters the War Jan. 31, 1917 Germany informs U.S. that the Sussex pledge would be ended. Feb. 3 U.S. cuts off diplomatic ties with Germany. Zimmerman Note- Germany promises lost land to Mexico if they declare war on U.S.

  35. zimmerman cartoon

  36. Mobilization in the USA • War Industries Board (Bernard Baruch) coordinated production and price controls • Food Administration (Herbert Hoover) voluntary efforts to conserve food for soldiers • Financing - Liberty Bonds

  37. 25_10.jpg

  38. America and the War Effort (p. 636)

  39. “Remember Your First Thrill of American Liberty” (p. 649)

  40. Wartime Public Opinion • Committee on Public Information - propaganda agency in America (George Creel) “do your bit” for the war • Hate the Hun, Liberty Cabbage, Salisbury Steak, Can the Kaiser

  41. Wartime Civil Liberties • Espionage and Sedition Acts (1917-18) jail sentences for those critical of disloyal or abusive remarks toward US war effort • Schenck v. United States (1919) “clear and present danger” - free speech could be limited

  42. The Armed Forces • Selective Service Act (1917) draft: 2.8 million draftees, 2.9 million volunteers • Eventually 2 million were sent to Europe • Blacks - 400,000 served, few officers • Blacks hoped for service abroad = equal rights at home (not so)

  43. American Society • Women took mens jobs while men were “Over There” led to Nineteenth Amendment • Mexicans - left Mexico (upheaval and revolution) and took jobs in American West • Blacks - Great Migration to northern cities for job opportunities and to escape poverty

  44. Other factors after US entry • Russian revolution and withdrawal (Treaty of Brest-Litovsk) allowed Germany to focus on Western front entirely • Naval shipping losses = huge. Led to “Convoy System” and record ship construction

More Related