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Biomechanical Analysis of Distance Running

Biomechanical Analysis of Distance Running. By: Chris Liebes. The Ideal Distance Runner. Exhibits optimal physiological factors VO2 MAX Muscle fiber type Metabolic adaptations Exhibits optimal running economy Stride length Stride frequency Shorter ground contact time.

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Biomechanical Analysis of Distance Running

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  1. Biomechanical Analysis of Distance Running By: Chris Liebes

  2. The Ideal Distance Runner • Exhibits optimal physiological factors • VO2MAX • Muscle fiber type • Metabolic adaptations • Exhibits optimal running economy • Stride length • Stride frequency • Shorter ground contact time

  3. Purpose of Analysis • Determine if one set of biomechanical characteristics exists within distance running, that when applied would increase optimal distance running economy and performance

  4. Methods • Had three individuals of varying levels of size and ability, run at a sub-maximal pace around a 1/4 mile track. • Camera was placed at the 300 meter mark and captured images of the performers as they passed. • Images and raw data were then used for comparison purposes.

  5. Results • No single set of biomechanical factors, due to the complexity of running economy, could fully explain the differences in performances among the individuals observed • A great deal of variability existed among performers suggesting that a number of physiological and biomechanical factors influenced a performers running mechanics

  6. Results (Cont.) • Ground contact time appeared to be the only characteristic that had a big influence on running economy and overall speed • This appeared to be found more in midfoot and front foot strikers than heel strike foot patterns as my research suggested and as observed in my analysis

  7. Reasons • Longer ground contact times are a result of greater vertical oscillation and result in a greater vertical impulse. • Together these put added demands on the extensor musculature resulting in a greater energy demand

  8. Reasons (Cont.) • Recent research also suggests that front/mid foot strikes result in a shorter braking phase (negative work) and use elastic energy stored within muscles and tendons and leg stiffness to conserve energy.

  9. Conclusion • Running economy is influenced by a complex array of physiological and biomechanical factors specific to each individual and one ideal running technique is not the best strategy for increasing running economy and performance

  10. Questions ?

  11. References (1990). Biomechanics of Distance Running. (P. R. Cavanagh, Ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics Books. Bosch, F. & Klomp, R. (2005). Running: Biomechanics and Exercise Physiology in Practice. Edinburgh: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone. Carr, G. A. (2004). Sport Mechanics for Coaches (2nd Edition). Human Kinetics. Hasegawa, H., Yamauchi, T., & Kraemer, W. (2007, August). FOOT STRIKE PATTERNS OF RUNNERS AT THE 15-KM POINT DURING AN ELITE-LEVEL HALF MARATHON. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 21(3), 888-893. Retrieved January 16, 2008, from Academic Search Premier database.

  12. Hay, J. G. (1993). The Biomechanics of Sports Techniques. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. McGinnis, P. (1999). Biomechanics of Sport and Exercise. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. Mikkola, J., Rusko, H., Nummela, A., Pollari, T., & Häkkinen, K. (2007, July). Concurrent Endurance and Explosive Type Strength Training Improves Neuromuscular and Anaerobic Characteristics in Young Distance Runners. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 28(7), 602-611. Retrieved January 16, 2008, from Academic Search Premier database. Nummela, A., Kerânen, T., & Mikkelsson, L. (2007, August). Factors Related to Top Running Speed and Economy. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 28(8), 655-661. Retrieved January 16, 2008, doi:10.1055/s-2007-964896

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