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Web Accessibility: Mastering the Essentials for Compliance

Web Accessibility: Mastering the Essentials for Compliance. Annie Bélanger Liam Morland May 2013. The power of the Web is in its universality . Access by everyone regardless of disability is an essential aspect. Tim Berners-Lee, inventor of the World Wide Web.

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Web Accessibility: Mastering the Essentials for Compliance

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  1. Web Accessibility: Mastering the Essentials for Compliance Annie Bélanger Liam Morland May 2013

  2. The power of the Web is in its universality. Access by everyone regardless of disability is an essential aspect. Tim Berners-Lee, inventor of the World Wide Web

  3. Types of Impairment & Impacts • Vision • Hearing • Motor • Cognitive • Photo epilepsy

  4. WCAG 2.0 Conformance Levels A bumpy ramp = Level A It's possible to get in but with effort to get over the bumps. A smooth ramp = Level AA Easier to get in as the bumps have been taken away. A traction ramp = Level AAA Users are assisted with getting in.

  5. POUR - Perceivable

  6. POUR - Operable

  7. POUR - Understandable

  8. POUR - Robust

  9. Techniques

  10. Favourite Vacations New York City • Eat some pizza, see a Broadway show, and take a walk around Central Park. Switzerland • Snow • Cheese • Chocolate What more could you ask for?

  11. <h1>Favourite Vacations</h1> <h2>New York City</h2> <p>Eat some pizza, see a Broadway show, and take a walk around Central Park.</p> <h2>Switzerland</h2> <ul> <li>Snow</li> <li>Cheese</li> <li>Chocolate</li> </ul> <p>What more could you ask for?</p>

  12. POUR – 1.1 Text Alternatives • Communicate meaning briefly • Do not repeat in adjacent text • Skip “Image of” • Indicate if screenshot… • Use proper grammar

  13. POUR – 1.2 Time-based Media • Transcripts for audio • Described video

  14. POUR – 1.3 Adaptable • Demo • http://www.lib.uwaterloo.ca/AboutLibrary/laptops.html • http://www.lib.uwaterloo.ca/AboutLibrary/laptops.html • https://uwaterloo.ca/about/ • https://uwaterloo.ca/

  15. POUR – 1.4 Distinguishable • Do not rely only colour • Audio controllable

  16. POUR – 2.1 Keyboard Accessible • Demo • https://uwaterloo.ca/

  17. POUR – 2.2 Enough Time • Avoid time limit

  18. POUR – 2.3 Seizures

  19. POUR – 2.4 Navigable • Skip links • Consistency • Structured order • Page title • Purpose-driven link naming

  20. POUR – 3.1 Readable • Add the appropriate language attribute <body lang=“en”> <div lang=“fr”>

  21. POUR – 3.2 Predictable • No change of context

  22. POUR – 3.3 Input Assistance • Input errors are identified • Have proper form labels: Search: <input type=“text” ...> <label for=“search_terms”>Search:</label> <input id=“search_terms” type=“text” ...>

  23. POUR – 4.1 Compatible • Ensure HTML validates • Use HTML elements as intended • Other things to keep in mind! • Site should work without Javascript • Use HTML, not PDF, Word, Flash, etc.

  24. Testing

  25. Testing Protocol • Break it down • Do it often • Do it early • Just do it!

  26. Testing Tool • Validator (not sufficient on their own) • Fangs screen reader emulator • NVDA • WAVE Toolbar (http://wave.webaim.org/)

  27. Questions? Annie.belanger @ uwaterloo.ca Lkmorland @ uwaterloo.ca

  28. Resources • uWaterloo Web Accesibility Resources (http://uwaterloo.ca/web-resources/resources/accessibility) • WCAG Quick Reference (http://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG20/quickref/) • WebAIM(http://webaim.org/) • Simplified WCAG 2.0 list (http://webaim.org/standards/wcag/checklist)

  29. Resources • Colour contrast is Level AA, but great early on! • JuicyStudio (colour contrast) website and Firefox extension (http://juicystudio.com/services/luminositycontrastratio.php)

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