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Mexican Immigration to the USA Lizbeth Jäger-Alemán May 2, 2006. Borders and Borderlands (1). Definition of border : “A border is a line that separates one nation from another or, in the case of internal entities, one province or locality from another.” Martínez:1994.
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Mexican Immigration to the USALizbeth Jäger-AlemánMay 2, 2006
Borders and Borderlands (1) Definitionofborder: “A border is a line that separates one nation from another or, in the case of internal entities, one province or locality from another.” Martínez:1994
Borders and Borderlands (2) Functions of a border: “To keep people in their own space and to prevent, control, or regulate interactions among them.” Martínez: 1994
Tijuana Tepoztlán
Borderlands interaction • Alienated borderlands • Coexistent borderlands • Integrated borderlands • Interdependent borderlands
Conditions for interdependent borderlands • Stable international relations • The existence of a favourable economic climate • Policies concerning the national interests of the two countries.
The Bracero Program • The Bracero Railroad Program • 1942-1945 • The Bracero Agricultural Program • 1942-1964 • Texas • Wetbacks
The “Wetbacks” Two “wetbacks” Rio Grande
Reactions againstillegal immigration (1) • Operation Wetback Texas (July 1954) • Immigration Reform and Control Act, IRCA (1986) • Operation Gate Keeper (1994) • Real ID Act (2005)
Reactions againstillegal immigration (2) Current proposal discussed at the Senate: HR4437: The Border Protection, Antiterrorism, and Illegal Immigration Control Act, 2005
Some useful links http://www.nytimes.com/ http://www.latimes.com/ http://spiegel.de/politik/ausland/ http://www.ilrc.org/HR4437.php http://www.nohr4437.org/
Sources • Martínez, Oscar J. (1994) Border People: Life and Society in the US-Mexico Borderlands. Tucson: Univ. of Arizona Press • Bracero Program: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bracero_Program • Operation Wetback: http://www.tsha.utexas.edu/handbook/online/articles/OO/pqo1.html • Durand, Jorge: “Cien años de política migratoria mexicana” http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2003/11/23/mas-durand.html