UNECE WGEMA Sixth session, Geneva, 12-14 June 2006

1. UNECE WGEMA Sixth session, Geneva, 12-14 June 2006 Impacts and monitoring of air pollution in EECCA countries World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe Michal Krzyzanowski, Dafina Dalbokova http://www.euro.who.int/air

2. Why: Health impacts of air pollution in Europe Fraction of mortality attributable to PM2.5 • Source: • World Health Report 2002 • Comparative Quantification of Health Risks, WHO 2004

3. Health impacts of air pollution in Europe (cont’d) Loss of life expectancy due to PM2.5 from anthropogenic sources (in months) 2020 2000 Source:EMEP & IIASA

4. Population exposure to TSP and NO2 in Russian cities 2002 - 2004 Mean = 244 μg/m3 No. of cities 2002/3/4 = 57 / 98 / 92 Population (million) = 30 / 45 / 40 Mean = 79 μg/m3 No. of cities 2002/3/4 = 70/ 111 / 105 Population (million) = 34 / 47 / 45 Source: Federal Centre of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Moscow

5. Impacts of air pollution in Europe Projected PM emissions in Europe, 2000-2020 EU10 Non-EU EU15 CLE: current legislation; MTFR: Maximum technically feasible reductions Source: IIASA

6. Progress in achieving the objectives of the EECCA Environment Strategy, Regional Meeting (Kyiv, 18-19 May 2006) 2.1: Reduction of urban air pollutionProblems identified by the Strategy:- Health impacts of urban air pollution- Weakness of air quality control systems- Excessively strict ambient air quality standards- Weak technological capacity, resulting in higher emissions- Lack of economic incentives to reduce emissions- Inadequacies of regulation of road transport emissions http://www.euro.who.int/Document/AIQ/health_basis_AQ.pdf http://www.euro.who.int/document/aiq/health_basis_aq_r.pdf 2006 assessment: - problems persist; - main problem: lack, or weakness, of implementation mechanisms of the existing (sometimes recently updated) legislation.

7. Progress in achieving the objectives of the EECCA Environment Strategy, Regional Meeting (Kyiv, 18-19 May 2006) 2.1: Reduction of urban air pollution Assessment of actions in EECCA (2)Level of pollution: high in many locations The methods used in monitoring were often obsolete and equipment outdatedEmission inventories: unsatisfactory in most countriesNo country conducted an assessment of energy efficiency or of transition to “clean” technologies http://www.euro.who.int/air/activities/20050624_1

8. Progress in achieving the objectives of the EECCA Environment StrategyRegional Meeting, Kiyv, 18-19 May 20006 2.1: Reduction of urban air pollution Assessment of actions in EECCA (3)The main problems identified – technical issuesApparent inability to reduce emissions from road transport; Use of old technologies by industry;Lack of funds for relevant, contemporary research;Insufficient state monitoring of air quality: - financing, - technical equipment, - personnel capacity building; - information processing.Lack of PM10 / PM2.5 monitoring http://www.euro.who.int/air/activities/20050624_1

9. WHO support to development of air quality monitoring in EECCA Framework plan for the development of monitoringof particulate matter in EECCAStrategy of PM Monitoring: general principlesProcedure of PM monitoring Plan to establish PM monitoring in EECCA Preparatory work in EECCA Selection of monitoring method and equipment Sites of the monitoring stations Equipment Reporting and communication Human resources and institutional infrastructure Time scheduleCosting http://www.euro.who.int/Document/E88565.pdf http://www.euro.who.int/document/e88565r.pdf

10. WHO support to development of air quality monitoring in EECCA Framework plan for the development of monitoringof particulate matter in EECCAWHO commitment:- assist MS in adaptation of the FP to the national situation- assist in FP IMPLEMENTATIONContacts: Michal Krzyzanowski,mkr@ecehbonn.euro.who.intPARTNERS WELCOME!!!