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Chapter 2

Chapter 2. Soil Origin and Development. Objectives. Define a soil body List examples of five soil-forming factors Describe how soils develop Describe the horizons of a soil profile. Alluvial fan Alluvial soil Chemical weathering Colluvium Delta Eluviation Eolian deposit Floodplains

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Chapter 2

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  1. Chapter 2 Soil Origin and Development Soil Science & Management, 4E

  2. Objectives • Define a soil body • List examples of five soil-forming factors • Describe how soils develop • Describe the horizons of a soil profile Soil Science & Management, 4E

  3. Alluvial fan Alluvial soil Chemical weathering Colluvium Delta Eluviation Eolian deposit Floodplains Frost wedging Glacial drift Glacial outwash Glacial till Hydrolysis Igneous rock Illuviation Lacustrine Leaching Levee Loess Marine sediment Master horizon Metamorphic rock Terms to Know (continued) Soil Science & Management, 4E

  4. Mineral soil Organic soil Oxidation-reduction Parent material Pedology Pedon Physical weathering Plow layer Polypedon Residual soil River terrace Root wedging Sedimentary rock Soil genesis Soil horizon Soil profile Solum Solution Subsoil Talus Topsoil Transported soil Weathering Terms to Know Soil Science & Management, 4E

  5. The Soil Body Figure 2-1 Soil Science & Management, 4E

  6. Rocks and Minerals • Igneous rock • Sedimentary rock • Metamorphic rock Soil Science & Management, 4E

  7. Rocks and Minerals Figure 2-4 Soil Science & Management, 4E

  8. Igneous Rock Figure 2-5 Soil Science & Management, 4E

  9. Metamorphic Rock Figure 2-6 Soil Science & Management, 4E

  10. Parent Material Figure 2-8 Soil Science & Management, 4E

  11. Parent Material • Glacial ice • Wind • Water • Gravity • Volcanic deposits • Organic deposits Figure 2-9 Figure 2-11 Soil Science & Management, 4E

  12. Climate Figure 2-13 Soil Science & Management, 4E

  13. Organisms Figure 2-14 Soil Science & Management, 4E

  14. Topography • Influences soil development mainly by affecting water movement Soil Science & Management, 4E

  15. Time • Soils change over time due to aging process • Humans Soil Science & Management, 4E

  16. The Soil Profile • Master horizons • Subdivisions of master horizons Figure 2-19 Soil Science & Management, 4E

  17. Summary • Soils form from minerals broken up by action of weathering, plant roots, and the addition of decaying plant parts • Five factors govern soil development: - Parent material - Climate - Life - Topography - Time Soil Science & Management, 4E

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