The Respiratory System

1. The Respiratory System

2. The Respiratory System • The respiratory system is an organ system that is made up of the nose, mouth, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. • Function: to provide the oxygen needed by the body and removing carbon dioxide from your body’s cells.

3. The Respiratory System

4. The Path of Air • Air enters through the mouth and the nose • Passes through the pharynx (throat) • Travels down the trachea (windpipe) • Into two bronchi (bronchus) • and into the branches of the bronchioles. • These branches are called bronchioles • The air will eventually reach the alveoli at the end of these branches • Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HiT621PrrO0 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sU_8juD3YzQ • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JVBYg03rfd8

5. From the video, answer these questions • What are the features of the nasal cavity? What are their functions. 1. 2. 3.

6. From the video, answer these questions • Your mouth can contain both food and air. How does your body manage to send food into your stomach and air into your lungs?

7. From the video, answer these questions • How does breathing occur? • By what process is oxygen able to move from the alveoli to the capillary?

8. From the video, answer these questions • What is this process called when oxygen inhaled from the air moves from the alveoli to capillary. And carbon dioxide moves from the capillary to the alveoli and is exhaled?

9. From the video, answer these questions • What are the two requirements for a respiratory system? And Why?

10. Structure of the Respiratory System

11. Gas Exchange • Gas exchange is a process in which oxygen enters the bloodstream and carbon dioxide leaves the blood by diffusion. • Bronchi branch into branchioles and into alveoli. • Alveoli are tiny air sacs. This is where gas exchange occurs (at the alveoli-capillary interface) • The concentration of oxygen in the blood is always less than the concentration of oxygen in the air of alveoli.

13. Gas Exchange Between the Blood and Alveoli Figure 10.8A

14. Breathing • Ventilation – is the transportation of air in (inspiration/inhalation) and out (expiration / exhalation) of the lungs. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=858cJYK2pXU

15. Breathing • Inhalation: Air in  Chest muscle contracts  Rib cage expands • Diaphragm contracts • Exhalation: Air out • Chest muscle relaxed • Rib cage contracts • Diaphragm expands

18. Control of Breathing • Breathing is involuntary • Can be override – temporarily up to a certain point • Controlled by a part of your brain • The Medulla Oblongata • Detects level of Carbon Dioxide In your bloodstream. Result = faster heart beat Inhalation rate increases • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UfC4u5GCy3I

19. Diseases of the Respiratory System • Tuberculosis – TB • Infectious disease – easily spread • Caused by bacteria colonizing the lungs • General Symptoms: Fever, Cough, Weight Loss, Tiredness, and Chest Pain. • Diagnosed by a chest X-ray. • TB test – examining lung secretions. • Problem: TB bacteria can remain dormant for many years – waiting for the immune system to be compromised to take over. • However, once detected, the disease can be successfully treated with medicine and/or a few weeks hospitalization

20. Lung Cancer • Tobacco use – first and second hand smoking is detrimental to the respiratory system. • Contains carcinogens – cancer causing factors SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome • Disease of the respiratory system • Symptoms: Flulike (high fever), shortness of breath, dry cough, sore throat, headache, muscle pain, and exhaustion.

21. Homework • Page 95 • Do # 1-6 • Review the videos again at home