What is the author of the article’s argument?

1. WARM-UP: have your hw out on your desk for me to check. If it is not out when I get to you, it is a zero. If you turned it in last week, wait quietly. • What is the author of the article’s argument? • What is their evidence to support their claim? Find at least TWO examples from the article. One example MUST be a direct quote. Please explain your answer in 2-4 sentences. • What does the author claim is “good grammar”? • BONUS: What is wrong with the sentence: My father shot an elephant in his pajamas. ? • Reflection: Write a 6-8 sentence paragraph either AGREEING or DISAGREEING with the author’s argument. Your first sentence should be your claim. Remember to use reliable and strong evidence.

2. How Are Rhetorical Appeals Used to Influence An Audience

3. What are Rhetorical Appeals? • THINK….what does the term “rhetoric” refer to? **RHETORIC refers to spoken or written language. • PLUS…what is an “appeal”? What does it mean to try to “appeal” to someone or something? **An APPEAL is a way to convince another person of something. • PUT IT TOGETHER….what are rhetorical appeals? **RHETORICAL APPEALS are the tools an individual uses to CONVINCE an audience of something**

4. ETHOS, PATHOS, LOGOS • The THREE types of appeals are referred to as: ethos, pathos, and logos. When constructing an argument, the speaker or writer will use one or more of these appeals.

5. ETHOS • Ethical appeals made to attempt to persuade the reader or listener by focusing on the qualifications or the character of the speaker. The speaker’s credibility is paramount in an ethical appeal. .

6. PATHOS • These are emotional appeals made to attempt to persuade the reader or listener by appealing to the senses and emotions. These statements often use vivid sensory details.

7. LOGOS • These Logical appeals are made to attempt to persuade the reader or listener by leading them down the road of logic. Often using “if/then” statements, logical appeals state the facts and show how the facts are interrelated.

8. The Elements of Argumentation • Everyone likes to be right, but in order to CONVINCE another person to refute what they believe and change their opinion to what you BELIEVE, you need to argue properly. • Merely stating your opinion is not enough, you have to prove your point and discount the other person’s point as well • There are FIVE main points to arguing that we will now go over

9. THE HOOK • This is the opening that grabs the reader’s attention and establishes a connection between the reader and the writer.

10. THE CLAIM • A clear and straightforward statement of the writer’s belief and what is being argued

11. CONCESSIONS and REFUTATIONS • Restatements of arguments made by the other side (concessions) and the writer’s arguments against those opposing viewpoints (refutations) and why the writer’s arguments are more valid.

12. SUPPORT • This is the reasoning behind the argument. Support can include evidence as well as logical and emotional appeals. It may also anticipate objections and provide reason to overcome those objections.

13. SUMMARY or CALL TO ACTION • This is a closing statement with a final plea for action.

14. IDENTIFY THE ELEMENTS • Read the article, “Violent Media is Good For Kids” and identify the elements of argumentation and the rhetorical appeals used. Be prepared to discuss!