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Psychology 304: Brain and Behaviour Lecture 25

Psychology 304: Brain and Behaviour Lecture 25. Neurodevelopmental Disorders. 1. What neurodevelopmental disorders have been identified? (continued). By the end of today’s class, you should be able to:.

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Psychology 304: Brain and Behaviour Lecture 25

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  1. Psychology 304: Brain and BehaviourLecture 25

  2. Neurodevelopmental Disorders 1. What neurodevelopmental disorders have been identified? (continued)

  3. By the end of today’s class, you should be able to: 1. describe the causes and symptoms of disorders associated with neurodevelopmental abnormalities.

  4. What neurodevelopmental disorders have been identified? (continued) 5. Autism • Occurs as a result of a neurodevelopmental error between 20 and 24 days after conception. Precise error is unknown. • Caused by abnormalities in the gene Hoxa 1 in some, but not all, cases and/or exposure to neurotoxins.

  5. Associated with abnormal brain development: shortened brain stem, underdeveloped and missing nuclei within the brain stem, abnormal frontal lobes, reduced mirror neuron activity, smaller corpus callosum and amygdala.

  6. Accompanied by three core symptoms: 1. reduced capacity for social interaction. 2. reduced capacity for communication. 3. preoccupation with a single subject or activity.Typically, perseveration is observed. In some cases, mental retardation and/or savant abilities are observed.

  7. Autism: Mirror Neuron Activity

  8. 6. Williams syndrome • Occurs when a region of genes on chromosome 7 fails to replicate and, therefore, is missing. Caused by errors in cell division. • Among the genes that are missing on chromosome 7 is a gene that controls the production of elastin, a protein that contributes to elasticity in internal organs and tissues. • Associated with abnormal brain development: characteristic patterns of atypical cortical volume.

  9. William Syndrome: Cortical Volume

  10. Accompanied by mental retardation, impaired spatial cognition, hypersociability, abnormalities in internal organs, and altered facial and body features. • Although individuals with Williams syndrome display language deficits, their language skills are remarkable given their relatively low IQ. Often, great musical abilities are observed.

  11. William Syndrome: Physical Characteristics

  12. William Syndrome: Physical Characteristics

  13. Neurodevelopmental Disorders 1. What neurodevelopmental disorders have been identified? (continued)

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