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MUSCLES

MUSCLES. STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION. MUSCLES. Myology is the study of muscles (myo = muscle) Muscles make up 40 to 50% of our body weight. MUSCLES. THE FUNCTIONS OF MUSCLE TISSUE INCLUDE: a. movement - voluntary & involuntary b. heat - 85% of body heat c. posture.

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MUSCLES

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  1. MUSCLES STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

  2. MUSCLES • Myology is the study of muscles (myo = muscle) • Muscles make up 40 to 50% of our body weight.

  3. MUSCLES • THE FUNCTIONS OF MUSCLE TISSUE INCLUDE: a. movement - voluntary & involuntary b. heat - 85% of body heat c. posture

  4. Human Body, The: The Ultimate Machine. AIMS Multimedia. 1996.unitedstreaming. 24 November 2006<http://www.unitedstreaming.com/>

  5. MUSCLE STRUCTURE • FASCIA - TWO TYPES A. SUPERFICIAL IS JUST UNDER THE SKIN IT IS MADE UP OF ADIPOSE AND LOOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE.

  6. SUPERFICIAL FASCIA Used with permission 11/26/06 http://www.integralanatomy.com/images/2_human_anatomy_gil_hedley.jpg

  7. MUSCLE STRUCTURE • FUNCTIONS OF SUPERFICIAL FASCIA INCLUDE: 1. WATER STORAGE 2. INSULATION 3. PROTECTION

  8. MUSCLE STRUCTURE B. DEEP FASCIA - SURROUNDS MUSCLES IT IS MADE UP OF DENSE OR FIBROUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE

  9. DEEP FASCIA Used with permission 11/26/06 hp://www.integralanatomy.com/images/2_human_anatomy_gil_hedley.jpg Used with permission 11/26/06 http://www.integralanatomy.com/images/6_human_anatomy_gil_hedley.jpg

  10. MUSCLE STRUCTURE • FUNCTIONS OF DEEP FASCIA INCLUDE: 1. HOLD MUSCLES TOGETHER 2. SEPARATE MUSCLES INTO GROUPS 3. FORM TENDONS

  11. STRUCTURE OF SKELETAL MUSCLE • CONSISTS OF SKELETAL MUSCLE TISSUE, NERVOUS TISSUE, BLOOD, AND OTHER CONNECTIVE TISSUE, AND LOTS OF BLOOD VESSELS

  12. http://www.infovisual.info/03/img_en/008%20Muscles%20(anterior%20view).jpghttp://www.infovisual.info/03/img_en/008%20Muscles%20(anterior%20view).jpg

  13. FROM THE OUTSIDE IN

  14. http://training.seer.cancer.gov/module_anatomy/unit4_2_muscle_structure.htmlhttp://training.seer.cancer.gov/module_anatomy/unit4_2_muscle_structure.html

  15. QUESTIONS • What is the difference between superficial and deep fascia? • What is the function of each? • A fascicle is _______________. • Another name for a muscle cell is _____________. • What is the epimysium?

  16. INSIDE A MUSCLE FIBER • MYOFIBRILS RODLIKE BUNDLES OF FILAMENTS, THAT ARE PARALLEL TO ONE ANOTHER

  17. INSIDE A MUSCLE FIBER • MYOFILAMENTS BUNDLES OF PROTEINS, GIVES MUSCLE STRIPES 1. ACTIN 2. MYOSIN 3. TROPONIN* 4. TROPOMYOSIN*

  18. http://www.mie.utoronto.ca/labs/lcdlab/biopic/fig/47.07.jpg

  19. MUSCLE FIBER HISTOLOGY • SARCOLEMMA - THE CELL MEMBRANE • SARCOPLASM - THE CYTOPLASM (HAS LOTS OF NUCLEI AND MITOCHONDRIA)

  20. MUSCLE FIBER HISTOLOGY • SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM A NETWORK OF CHANNELS & TUBULES THAT IS SIMILAR TO THE ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM IN OTHER CELLS

  21. http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/esp/2001_gbio/folder_structure/an/m5/s5/assets/images/anm5s5_1.jpghttp://www.mhhe.com/biosci/esp/2001_gbio/folder_structure/an/m5/s5/assets/images/anm5s5_1.jpg

  22. MUSCLE FIBER HISTOLOGY • Sarcoplasmic reticulum functions include: • Storing calcium (ca2+) ions 2. RELEASING ca2+ ions during muscle contraction 3. Reabsorbing ca2+ ions when muscle relaxes

  23. QUESTIONS • Myofibrils are bundles of _____________. • The proteins that make up myofilaments include __________, __________, and __________. • The cell membrane of a muscle fiber is the _________________. • What is the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

  24. MUSCLE FIBER HISTOLOGY • Terminal cisternae (cisterns) 1. Enlarged part of sarcoplasmic reticulum where actin & myosin fibers overlap 2. Calcium storage

  25. MUSCLE FIBER HISTOLOGY • Transverse (t) tubules 1. Channels that extend from surface of the sarcolemma into the cell 2. Found between the terminal cisterns

  26. MUSCLE FIBER HISTOLOGY • Transverse (T) tubules 3. Perpendicular to S.R. 4. Job is to carry action potential (nerve impulse) deep into muscle fibers from the surface

  27. http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/esp/2001_gbio/folder_structure/an/m5/s5/assets/images/anm5s5_1.jpghttp://www.mhhe.com/biosci/esp/2001_gbio/folder_structure/an/m5/s5/assets/images/anm5s5_1.jpg

  28. More on Myofibrils • Myofibrils are made up of 2 types of myofilaments. 1. Thick made of the protein myosin 2. Thin made of the proteins actin, tropomyosin & troponin 3. Arranged in compartments known as sarcomeres

  29. Myofibril structure http://www.lib.mcg.edu/edu/eshuphysio/program/section2/2ch2/sarconom.htm

  30. QUESTIONS • What is the function of the terminal cisterns? • The t- tubules extend from ______ to _______ and do what? . • Thick filaments are made up of _________. • Thin filaments are made up of_________.

  31. MUSCLE FIBER HISTOLOGY • Sarcomere - the functional unit of muscle contraction • Separated by dense material called Z lines • Segment of myofibril that Extends from Z line to Z line

  32. Muscle Fiber Structure Animation

  33. Sarcomere structure • A - band - the dark area made up of thick filaments • Found in the middle of sarcomere • Darkest where thin & thick filaments overlap http://www.sport-fitness-advisor.com/images/sarcomere.jpg

  34. The A - band http://www.lib.mcg.edu/edu/eshuphysio/program/section2/2ch2/aband.htm

  35. Sarcomere structure • I - band - light area made up of thin filaments • Found at ends of sarcomere • Attached to Z-lines http://www.sport-fitness-advisor.com/images/sarcomere.jpg

  36. The I - band http://www.lib.mcg.edu/edu/eshuphysio/program/section2/2ch2/iband.htm

  37. Sarcomere structure • The H - zone is the central region of the a - band that contains only thick filaments. http://www.lib.mcg.edu/edu/eshuphysio/program/section2/2ch2/hband.htm

  38. QUESTIONS • The functional unit of muscle contraction is the ____________. • What do z-lines do? • The area consisting of thick filaments is the _____________. • The area consisting of thin filaments is the ____________.

  39. Thick filament structure • Made of myosin • 2 twisted strands with globular parts that stick out like golf clubs http://pdbdev.sdsc.edu:48346/pdb/molecules/myosin-painting.gif

  40. More on myosin • The golf-club structures are called cross bridges. • The cross bridges have actin binding sites (& ATP binding sites). http://user.gru.net/clawrence/vccl/chpt3/HEM21.gif

  41. Thin filament structure • Made up of actin • 2 strands wrapped around each other • Also has troponin & tropomyosin http://www.embl-heidelberg.de/CellBiophys/LocalProbes/motorproteins/actinfilament.jpg

  42. QUESTIONS • Where do you find the H-zone? • What are cross bridges and where do you find them? • What is the I-band and where do you find it? • Besides actin, the other 2 proteins found in a thin filament are _____________ & ______________.

  43. ELECTRON MICROGRAPH OF A SARCOMERE http://www.neuro.wustl.edu/neuromuscular/mother/myosin.htm

  44. RECAP OF MUSCLE FIBERSTRUCTURE http://www.octc.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/anat/images/Image286.gif

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