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Telepresence for the Teleworkplace: Living-in versus visiting Cyberspace… Making Telepresence a Reality

Telepresence for the Teleworkplace: Living-in versus visiting Cyberspace… Making Telepresence a Reality. Gordon Bell (gbell@microsoft.com) Bay Area Research Center Microsoft Research http://www.research.microsoft.com/users/gbell.

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Telepresence for the Teleworkplace: Living-in versus visiting Cyberspace… Making Telepresence a Reality

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  1. Telepresence for the Teleworkplace:Living-in versus visiting Cyberspace…Making Telepresence a Reality Gordon Bell (gbell@microsoft.com) Bay Area Research Center Microsoft Research http://www.research.microsoft.com/users/gbell

  2. “Therapy from long distance debated”- SJ Mercury 5 April 1998http://www.sjmercury.com/breaking/headline1/056580.htm

  3. Multi-media Media Machine CyberAllencoding everybit Some tele-tales Tele-xe.g. telemedicine, Distributed design Millibill: Tele-art, rides, performance, interactivetelevision??? Paperlessness Intrastructure& support Administrivia THE WORK:Telework & work Telepresence(comoho*) Telepresentations Telemeetings Teleconferencing Telelearning Telecollaboration “presence” *Commercial, mobile and home office audio eye-tracking gaze avatars

  4. Mechanisms (how) Synchronous Asynchronous ICQ, Internet phone & phone conf. RealAudio & simple graphics Workspace for remote program control Whiteboard (groups)... Videophone Remote Rover (Robot Videophone) The Space of Telepresencefor work email Formal presentations sans video ... Voice & Videomail Video lectures & courses Profession person-computer 1:1 personal communication 2 site-site conferencing; n site conferencing 1:p broadcasts computer management distributed groups with >2, 10, <100, view (troll) hallways with “informal” interaction 1: 1 videophone calls for (problem solving, authoring) interviews classes formal meetings (lectures, conferences, stockholder meetings, town halls, etc..) Type of Work (What) Group Interaction (Who)

  5. In a decade we can/will have: • More powerful personal computers • processing 10-100x • 4x resolution (2K x 2K); • Very large displays… everywhere… to be ever anywhere telepresent • storage of one terabyte • Additional small e.g. palm, camera, watch “platforms” to hold a plethora of evolving software • adequate networking???? • ubiquitous access = today’s fast LANs • Mobility according to standards and plans • One chip, networked platforms including light bulbs, cameras everywhere, etc. • more cyberization… the challenge… interfacing platforms and people.

  6. The evolution of wireless data standards UMTS 2Mbps 2.0 0.8 0.4 EDGE 384kbps 0.2 GPRS 115kbps 0.1 HSCSD 57.6kbps Circuit data <9.6kbps 0 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

  7. Living in Cyberspace: the environment for telepresence / telework

  8. Telemeeting clone

  9. Telework clones… being in more than one place at the same time

  10. Intrastructure

  11. SOHO (small office, home office)network computing environment POTS (legacy services) IP Dial tone (Internet, phone, videophone) >1.5 Mbps NT Server for: comm/network, POTS/IP gateway, file, print, compute LAN NC* PC PC *NC, NetPC, Xterm, etc. ... ... Phone Phone Phone

  12. Not shown: ECG; GPS; Libretto, .5mm PCS; Pilot Compass; altimeter Libretto PS, Ricoh Camera; Swiss Army Knife

  13. Audio, pix, T, P, ECG, location, physiological parameters…1 GB

  14. Telepresentations: The 2nd killer app?

  15. Telepresentations“Being There (e.g. meeting, lecture, confererene) Without Really Being There (or Then)” • Presenter or audience need not be physically present • Reach a wider audience • “I have a schedule conflict.” • Anybody with a web connection can participate • Reduce costs • No need to travel to attend or participate in a presentation • Education & training, corporate communication

  16. TelepresentationElements • Slides • Audio • Video • Script, text comments, hyperlinks,etc.

  17. Telepresentations will be a well-defined app by 2001. • ACM97 was the first telepresented conference with Mbone multicast & servers that host the conference cf. http://www.research.microsoft.com/acm97 • Bet: More people will view the conference from Cyberspace than that attended it. • Big question: will telepresentation technology AKA tele-learning affect learning and education?

  18. Telecollaboration… The next “killer tele-app”?? Or just a tremendous challenge interacting to achieve a common objective … basically, its communications enabling or disabling people

  19. Perspective • Don’t believe in “collaboration” as much as just plain communication. • The next killer app is tele-meetings AKA “videoconferencing” • Interested in desktop 1:1 up to 1:6 (larger numbers turns into presentations with floor control)

  20. By April 1, 2001 videophones will ship in 50% of the PCs and be in use. “ Gordon Bell vs Jim Gray1996 (one paper, loser gets fed) ”

  21. Conference Rooms with Teleconferencing

  22. Telework: It takes screens, sound, and bandwidth, stupid http://research.microsoft.com/barc/GBell/

  23. Limits of Computer Supported Collaborative Work -- CSCW • We don’t understand collaboration • We do it for limited domains e.g. chip design, some software, 777s if task is partitionable • “One person has the mouse” problem • Camera is important NOT for communication,but and to keep & force (hold) attentionplus communicating a few cues (did they “get it”), • Parallel processing & single threading of tasks…a better model of the problem • Limited task parallelism e.g. presentations • Brook’s Law matters!

  24. How to Fail at Videoconferencing • Lack of ubiquity: it must obey Metcalfe’s Law • Call set up: hard, time-consuming, requires training • Small screens, lack of spatiality, destroy visual cues • No gaze awareness, limit screen area; only 2-D figures or avatars • Audio: high latency and poor quality • Fail to overcome the adequacy of the phone: ubiquitous, no manuals or training, low latency, ok audio. • The targets: audio quality, 3-D in every sense, and gaze awareness

  25. Four steps to video-telephony enabling telemeetings • Very low cost IP telephony becomes ubiquitous • Evolve audio to provide spatial awareness aka stereo, quad, etc. • Make recording easy to do that will enable meeting persistence and minutes • Add multi-party

  26. Gaze-corrected Videoconferencing Jim GemmellMicrosoft Bay Area Research Center

  27. Videoconferencing: not looking into the camera

  28. Not looking at camera: never eye contact

  29. Looking into the camera: always eye-contact

  30. More eye contact gets you: • More job offers from interviews • More help when you ask for it • More powers of pursuasion • Make you seem more: friendly, self-confident, natural, mature, sincere

  31. Majic

  32. ½ Silvered-mirror

  33. Conclusion • Gaze awareness is important to video-conferencing • Software-only technique • Vision: more work to make it robust, faster • Explore use of space with multi-party conferencing • Great audio

  34. Attending Several Simultaneous Meetings

  35. But does anyone want telework?

  36. A People Model: Who wants to telework? Spock formal(in writing) Self-control informal(verbal) Sally Field Analyticals.. being right, detailed analretentives Drivers…results oriented megalomaniacs Managing Interpersonal Relationships(MIR) 2D Model broadcast- push email Amiables…consensusbuilders spinelesswimps Expressives...want recognition, need contact psychotics --------------chat---------------- Intensity Souter Evangelism Swaggert

  37. The End

  38. Outline • Telepresence and Telework • Teleworking environment • Overhead: Support & Administrivia • The “work” • Telepresence dimensions • Telepresentations: the 2nd killer app! • Telecollaboration: killer app to come? • “The work” • Is it for everyone?

  39. What is Telepresence? • Being there without really being there or then • Injecting your presence into tele-space • Being immersed in the tele-space

  40. Telepresence Components • Video • Audio • Slides, images, web pages • Text chat • Shared applications • Whiteboards • Voting, question taking

  41. Time-shifting beats Space-shifting • Gets around scheduling problems • World’s time zones! • Lets me pause, rewind, browse, play at faster speeds • Immortality • Time-shifting requires STORAGE !!!

  42. Today’s killer app : Telepresentations • One-way mostly • Not meeting or collaboration settings • forget the network latencies and messy social issues • Presenter and/or audience telepresent • Slides and audio get you 99% and are bandwidth cheap • Practical and low cost now

  43. Telework = (cyber) work + telepresence … being there while being here, and at some other time. • Goal: teleoffice/teleworkplace = workplace office • The teleworkplace is ideally just a “remote office” W/O • Communication, computer, and network support! • Team interactions for work! CSCW is a “rat hole”! • Interaction at coffee, meeting rooms, … in offices • Administrative support for phones, information (especially paper) management, keeping track of • Always on & always connected to intranet/intranet ...! • Telecommunication aka phone & email -- the first, “killer apps” • Telepresentations -- the 2nd “killer app” • Tele-collaboration -- the “killer app” to come

  44. Animatron...

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