Black Arts Movement

1. Black Arts Movement DanneLykaJingco Christian Dela Cruz KiaraMayeSicat Clydelle Doctor

2. Definition of the Movement • Usually referred to as a “sixties” movement (began approximately around 1965 and ended in 1975/1976) • The aesthetic and spiritual sister of the Black Power concept • Envisions an art that speaks directly to the needs and aspirations of Black America • The movement proposes a separate symbolism, mythology, critique, and iconology • Relate broadly to the Afro-American’s desire for self-determination and nationhood • Primary duty is to speak to the spiritual and cultural needs of Black people

3. Poetic Techniques and Themes • Repetition • Metaphor • Symbolism • Imagery • Personification • Themes: Opposition towards social injustices • Efforts in search for freedom • Love towards others • Desires for self-determination and nationhood

4. Gwendolyn Brooks • Born in Topeka, Kansas, but her family moved to Chicago when she was young • Gwendolyn Brooks was a highly regarded, much-honored poet, with the distinction of being the first black author to win the Pulitzer Prize • Many of Brooks' works display a political consciousness • Her body of work gave her a unique position in American letters • Not only has she combined a strong commitment to racial identity and equality with a mastery of poetic techniques, but she has also managed to bridge the gap between the academic poets of her generation in the 1940s and the young black militant writers of the 1960s.

5. Notable Works • The Bean-Eaters • We Real Cool • The Lovers of the Poor • The Mother

6. Amiri Baraka • born LeRoi Jones in 1934 in Newark, New Jersey • attended Rutgers University and Howard University • spent three years in the U.S. Air Force, and returned to New York City to attend Columbia University and the New School for Social Research • his method in poetry, drama, fiction, and essays has been confrontational, calculated to shock and awaken audiences to the political concerns of black Americans • believed that a poem’s form should follow the shape determined by the poet’s own breath and intensity of feeling

7. Notable Works • Preface to a Twenty Volume Suicide Note • Black Art • Ka ‘Ba • In the Funk World

8. Sonia Sanchez • Born Wilsonia Benita Driver in Birmingham, Alabama on September 9, 1934 • one of the foremost leaders of the Black Studies movement • Former member of the Nation of Islam organization but left after her views on women’s rights conflicted with the their views • Advocate of the people and part of CORE (Congress of Racial Equality) • Writings and works focused on the struggles and lives of Black America • Informal diction used in work to get her point across

9. Notable Works • Ballad • Malcolm • I Have Walked a Long Time • For Sweet Honey in the Rock

10. NtozakeShange • Was originally named Paulette Williams • Born on October 18, 1948 in Trenton, New Jersey • At age 8 moved to St. Louis • At age 13 moved back to New Jersey • Graduated Barnard College cum laude in American studies • Earned Master's degree at UCLA • Married and divorced in first year of college • Fails suicide and loses all hope in life • Jumps back up in 1971 and changes her name • Ntozake means “she who has her own things” and shange means “he/she who walks/lives with lions”

11. Notable Works • My Father is a Retired Magician • You Are Sucha Fool • With No Immediate Cause • Enuf

12. Artworks Represents the struggle of African-Americans African-Americans confrontation with obstacles

13. AP Style Writing Prompts In the poem “Ka ’Ba” by Amiri Baraka, the speaker addresses the subject of escaping for freedom. Write a well-developed essay in which you analyze how imagery help convey the speaker’s attitude towards the escape. In the poem “The Mother” by Gwendolyn Brooks, the speaker addresses the subject of abortion. Write an essay in which you analyze how literary devices help express the speaker’s feelings towards abortion. In the poem “Ballad” by Sonia Sanchez, the speaker addresses a debate of proper age for wisdom and love. Write a well-developed essay in which you analyze the language to describe the mood and the meaning.

14. Interactive Poetry Lesson • Choose one of the topics below and write a poem that illustrates the situation of the African-Americans during the movement. • Racism • Injustice • Imprisonment • Blind • Acceptance • Struggle

15. Websites • http://www.english.illinois.edu/maps/blackarts/historical.htm • http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai3/community/text8/blackartsmovement.pdf • http://www.poetryfoundation.org/bio/gwendolyn-brooks • http://www.poetryfoundation.org/bio/amiri-baraka • http://www.poetryfoundation.org/bio/sonia-sanchez • http://www.poetryfoundation.org/bio/ntozake-shange

16. Poems Poets Movements 100 100 100 200 200 200 300 300 300 400 400 400

17. POEMS: 100 “you are so young and i too old to learn of love.” Answer

18. POEMS: 100 “you are so young and i too old to learn of love.” ANSWER: Ballad by Sonia Sanchez Back

19. POEMS: 200 “I have heard in the voices of the wind the voices of my dim killed children” Answer

20. POEMS: 200 “I have heard in the voices of the wind the voices of my dim killed children” ANSWER: The Mother by Gwendolyn Brooks Back

21. POEMS: 300 “with african imaginations full of masks and dances and swelling chants” Answer

22. POEMS: 300 “with african imaginations full of masks and dances and swelling chants” ANSWER: Ka ‘Ba by Amiri Baraka Back

23. POEMS: 400 “put all them razzamatazz hocus pocus zippity-do-dah thingamajigs away” Answer

24. POEMS: 400 “put all them razzamatazz hocus pocus zippity-do-dah thingamajigs away” ANSWER: My Father Is A Retired Magician by NtozakeShange Back

25. POETS: 100 he believed that a poem’s form should follow the shape determined by the poet’s own breath and intensity of feeling Answer

26. POETS: 100 believed that a poem’s form should follow the shape determined by the poet’s own breath and intensity of feeling ANSWER: Amiri Baraka Back

27. POETS: 200 Fails suicide and loses all hope in life Answer

28. POETS: 200 Fails suicide and loses all hope in life ANSWER: NtozakeShange Back

29. POETS: 300 Her body of work gave her a unique position in American letters Answer

30. POETS: 300 Her body of work gave her a unique position in American letters ANSWER: Gwendolyn Brooks Back

31. POETS: 400 Informal diction used in work to get her point across Answer

32. POETS: 400 Informal diction used in work to get her point across ANSWER: Sonia Sanchez Back

33. Movement: 100 When did this movement began? ended? Answer

34. Movement: 100 When did this movement began? ended? ANSWER: began in 1965, ended in 1975/’76 Back

35. Movement: 200 The Black Arts Movement is what ________ and ________ sister of the Black Power concept? Answer

36. Movement: 200 The Black Arts Movement is what ________ and ________ sister of the Black Power concept? ANSWER: aesthetic and spiritual Back

37. Movement: 300 What four things did this movement proposes? Answer

38. Movement: 300 What four things did this movement proposes? ANSWER: separate symbolism, mythology, critique, and iconology Back

39. Movement: 400 What is the primary duty of this movement? Answer

40. Movement: 400 What is the primary duty of this movement? ANSWER: speak to the spiritual and cultural needs of Black people Back