Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6)

1. Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) Internet Computing Laboratory @ KUT http://icl.kut.ac.kr Youn-Hee Han 한국기술교육대학교

2. What is IPv6? A next-generation version of IP (Internet Protocol), a basic Internet protocol, in which the number of IP addresses (numbers to identify terminals) is greatly increased. The current version of IP is version 4. 232 IP addresses (=approximately 4.3 billion) Number corresponding to one bucket full of sand. The next-generation of IP is version 6 2128 IP addresses Number corresponding to a mass of sand covering the whole world. IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6) 665,570,793,348,866,943,898,599 (or 6.65 x 1023) addresses for each square meter of the Earth's surface. 한국기술교육대학교

3. Who manage IPv6 address? • IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) • 인터넷 할당 번호 관리기관 • RIR (Regional Internet Registry) • 대륙별인터넷 레지스트리 • APNIC (Asia Pacific Network Information Center) • 아시아· 태평양 지역 • RIPE-NCC (Réseaux IP Européens Network Co-ordination Centre) • 유럽 • ARIN (American Registry for Internet Number) • 북남미 외 기타 지역 • 국가별 NIC (Network Information Center) • 한국은 NIDA(한국인터넷진흥원) 안에 KRNIC(한국인터넷정보센터)에서 담당 한국기술교육대학교

4. Recent Status of IPv4 Address Space 출처 - 2006년 u-인프라 통합 컨퍼런스 KRNIC이 IANA 및 APNIC에서 할당 받은 IPv4 주소 개수 /32 한국기술교육대학교

5. Recent Status of IPv4 Address Space 출처 - 2006년 u-인프라 통합 컨퍼런스 한국기술교육대학교

6. Recent Status of IPv4 Address Space 한국기술교육대학교

7. Shortage of IPv4 Address IANA Unallocated Address Pool Exhaustion: 8-May-2011 RIR Unallocated Address Pool Exhaustion: 09-Aug-2012 한국기술교육대학교

8. Recent Status of IPv4 Address Space 한국기술교육대학교

9. IPv4 Issues (1/3) • Demerits of Current Internet Addresses • Address Shortages • Limits Internet growth for existing users • Hinders use of the Internet for new users • Internet routing today is inefficient • Forces users to use NAT • System Management Costs • Managing addresses manually is costly and error-prone • Networks Renumbering • Caused by address space shortage • When choosing a more competitive ISP • Mobile IPv4 • Complicated to manage 한국기술교육대학교

10. IPv4 Issues (2/3) • Optional Security • IPv4 was never designed to be secure • adapted for a public educational & research network • Many solutions for IPv4 security have been defined • SSL, HTTPS, IPSECv4 • No ONE standard • Security features are optional • CANNOT count on their availability • Support for 21st century applications • New applications are more demanding, they will require • Guaranteed on-time delivery • Guaranteed availability of bandwidth • Guaranteed security • Difficult to add the functions to the base IPv4 technology • adding them is very high overhead 한국기술교육대학교

11. IPv4 Issues (3/3) • Overcoming Insufficiency of IPv4 Address • PPP address sharing • CIDR (Classless Inter-domain Routing) • “망 주소/ 넷마스크 사이즈”로 라우팅 테이블 엔트리 표현 • E.g.] 128.156.20.0/22 호스트식별자가 0인 인터넷망주소 • NAT (Network Address Translation) 한국기술교육대학교

12. Use of NAT Is NAT Good Solution? 한국기술교육대학교

13. NAT example (1/2) Host Mapping [192.168.0.10:TCP 1025] ↔ [131.107.47.119: TCP 5000] 192.168.0.10 NAT Web server Internet 131.107.47.119 157.60.13.9 Destination Address: 157.60.13.9 Source Address: 192.168.0.10 Destination TCP Port: 80 Source TCP Port: 1025 Destination Address: 157.60.13.9 Source Address: 131.107.47.119 Destination TCP Port: 80 Source TCP Port: 5000 한국기술교육대학교

14. NAT example (2/2) Host Mapping [192.168.0.10:TCP 1025] ↔ [131.107.47.119: TCP 5000] 192.168.0.10 NAT Web server Internet 131.107.47.119 157.60.13.9 Destination Address: 192.168.0.10 Source Address: 157.60.13.9 Destination TCP Port: 1025 Source TCP Port: 80 Destination Address: 131.107.47.119 Source Address: 157.60.13.9 Destination TCP Port: 5000 Source TCP Port: 80 한국기술교육대학교

15. Is NAT Good Solution? • IPSec packets • Address and port translation (NAT function) invalidates the packet’s integrity • Peer-to-peer(P2P) Communication • NAT prohibits P2P communication, or makes it complicated • Battery life • IPv4 mobile devices are usually behind IPv4 NATs • Application that want to be reachable need to send periodic Keep-Alives to keep NAT state active • Current NATs requires Keep-Alive from 40 sec. to 5 minutes • It reduces battery life of mobile devices 한국기술교육대학교

16. NAT is not good solution • P2P and IPv4 NAT 출처 - 2006년 u-인프라 통합 컨퍼런스 한국기술교육대학교

17. Internet Local network NAT Local net Local net Internet NAT NAT NAT is not good solution Absolute number of IPv4 address is insufficient Disturb expanding reach Total IPv4 address Approx. 4 Billion Various application Much more Internet users Complicated operation and admin by NAT. Difficult to develop peer to peer application. NAT solution (interim) translation Private address Global Address Local net Internet NAT 한국기술교육대학교

18. NAT is not good solution 한국기술교육대학교

19. The world of IPv6 Mobile telephone Data-compatible home appliances Settlement \ \ Broadcasting Data car IPv６ Map information Vending machines Image Server DRINK \ Music \ What is IPv6 Application? (1) 한국기술교육대학교

20. What is IPv6 Application? (2) IPv6:Keep unique identification Expand networking area from Server-client to peer-to-peer communication Server-client Communication Server Internet Local net Local net NAT × Introduce IPv6 Peer to Peer communication NAT Client Client IPv6 applied New Application emerges VoIP、TV conference, chat, multiplayer game over Internet, etc. Server Internet Local net Local net Client Clinet 한국기술교육대학교

21. IPv6 Devices (1) • for example….. The Sony IP digital camera & Camcorder IPv6 digital camera system, IPv6 TV system, Home gateway 파나소닉의 IPv6 네트워크 카메라 모델 한국기술교육대학교

22. IPv6 Devices (2) IPv6 Microwave Oven IPv6 Refrigerator 한국기술교육대학교

23. IPv6 & Wireless • Market Segment • Mobile phone industry goes to 3GPP/3GPP2/WiMAX • Wireless Service Providers (WSP) have adopted IPv6 address for long term business plan • Some 802.11 Hot Spots already offer an IPv6 connectivity in Japan, Europe, and USA • Phase for Commercial Services (in Wireless) • R&D : ~2003 • Trial : 2004 ~ 2006 • Deployment & Services : 2007 beyond • IPv6 over WiBro • Mobile IPv6 • Support on-going session while moving between networks 한국기술교육대학교

24. IPv6 for the Ubiquitous Internet • Connect Everything to the Internet • Simply (Plug & Play) and Safety • Enjoy Internet Everywhere & Anytime • Play, Learn, and Live on the Internet for Everyone • Peer to Peer (P2P) • Global Reachability • Home Information System • We need One Internet • Global Communications enhances business, trade, research 한국기술교육대학교

25. Next generation network (society) byIPv6 “Everything over IP” ★Always on Internet ★nearly infinite address (identification) ★Security (privacy) ★1 to N, N to M (broadcast application） Animal Pet Storages Servers PCs Track PDA Contents distribution （Cinema, Music, etc.） Network Computing Remote operation, monitoring （ Freight management, Facility management, etc.） IPv6 Internet Light Mobile Computing mobile phone （IMT-2000） Home Computing Information Appliance Home Network （BlueTooth, Zigbee） Air conditioner Car（ITS） 한국기술교육대학교

26. Features of IPv6 (1/2) • New Header Format • Minimize header overhead (streamline IPv6 header) • Note • IPv6 header is not a superset of(not compatible with) IPv4 header • Large Address Space • 128-bit (16 byte) address • Address-conservation techniques are no longer necessary • Efficient and Hierarchical Addressing and Routing Infra. • Backbone routers will have much smaller routing table entries 한국기술교육대학교

27. Features of IPv6 (2/2) • Address Autoconfiguration • Stateless and Stateful address configuration • Built-in Security • Support of IPSec is an IPv6 protocol suite requirement • Better Support for QoS • New QoS fields in the IPv6 header • New Protocol for Neighboring Node Interaction • Replace ARP (address resolution protocol), ICMPv4 Router discovery and Redirect messages 한국기술교육대학교

28. Why IPv6 (Summary)? • IPv6 solves the address depletion problem • IPv6 solves the international address allocation problem • IPv6 restores end-to-end communication • IPv6 has more efficient forwarding • IPv6 has built-in security and mobility • IPv6 uses scoped addresses and address selection 한국기술교육대학교

29. What does IPv6 give us? More addresses QoS Efficient Routing Auto Configuration Reliability E2E Security Mobile IPv6 Flexible renumbering ……………………. 한국기술교육대학교

30. IPv6 Reference • Homepage • IETF Homepage : www.ietf.org • IPv6 Forum : www.ipv6forum.com • IPv6 Korea Forum : www.ipv6.or.kr • IPv6 RFC • RFC2460 : Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) Specification • RFC2461 : Neighbor Discovery for IPv6 • RFC2462 : IPv6 Stateless Address Autoconfiguration • RFC2463 : Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMPv6) for the IPv6 Specification • RFC2464 : Transmission of IPv6 Packet over Ethernet Networks • RFC2373 : IPv6 Addressing Architecture • RFC2374 : An IPv6 Aggregatable Global Unicast Address Format • RFC2529 : Transmission of IPv6 over IPv4 Domains without Explicit Tunnels • RFC1886 : DNS Extensions to support IPv6 • RFC2471 : IPv6 Testing Address Allocation • RFC2472 : IPv6 over PPP 한국기술교육대학교

31. 추천사이트 및 동영상 • http://www.vsix.net/ • 한국 인터넷 진흥원 IPv6 포털 • http://www.v6pc.jp/en/index.phtml • 일본에서 만든 IPv6 홍보 사이트 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ZW8v0zd6C0 • IPv4 vs. IPv6 동영상 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o5RbyK0m5OY • Google IPv6 Conference (Jan. 2008) 한국기술교육대학교