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The Old World’s Fascination with Abnormality: Trephining/Trepanning

The Old World’s Fascination with Abnormality: Trephining/Trepanning. drilling holes into the brain to release “something” – evil spirits, etc Used to “cure” mental illness. Evidence of trephining found all over the ancient world: Ancient Egypt Far and Middle East India Aztecs, Inca

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The Old World’s Fascination with Abnormality: Trephining/Trepanning

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  1. The Old World’s Fascination with Abnormality: Trephining/Trepanning drilling holes into the brain to release “something” – evil spirits, etc Used to “cure” mental illness • Evidence of trephining found all over the ancient world: • Ancient Egypt • Far and Middle East • India • Aztecs, Inca • Brazilian tribes • South Seas • North and Equatorial Africa

  2. 1880’s-1950’s Age of the Lobotomy Age of the Lobotomy

  3. Medieval thru Renaissance • Emergence of science • Emergence of humanism • Thinking transitioned from god/spirit centered to human centered • Grünewald’s The Temptation of St. Anthony • Human qualities of temptation and evil

  4. John Locke 1632-1704 • Empiricism • Knowledge based on sensations and reflection • Tabula Rasa argues NURTURE over nature

  5. Max Wertheimer 1842-1910 • Gestalt Psychology (gestalt =German for a form or a whole) • Emphasizes human tendency to integrate pieces of information to meaningful wholes

  6. William James 1842-1943 Add to your notes his famous work: Principles of Psychology

  7. Names and Famous Milestones to Know • Galileo – method of inquiry (transition to human-centered) • Broca – French, discovers left area of frontal lobe in charge of language (called Broca’s area) • G Stanley Hall – adolescence • Hermann Ebbinghaus – forgetting curve/memory • Titchener – structuralism (introspection) • Sigmund Freud – psychoanalysis • Wertheimer and Koffka – Gestalists • Galen – first biochemist in the field • Ivan Pavlov – conditioning (dog drool) • Watson - behaviorist

  8. Approaches to Psychology:The Big 5 Behavioral Humanist Biological Psychodynamic Cognitive

  9. Approaches to Psychology • Why do people do that? • Why do people behave that way? These are the 2 questions we are going to be answering per approach… keep them in mind!

  10. BIOLOGICAL/NEUROBIOLOGICAL • Brain, body, genetics Answer: People do it because their brain/body chemicals, or lack thereof, cause them to do it

  11. GENETIC-BEHAVIORAL • Within groups, what is nature and what is nurture Answer: People do it because their genetic predispositions cause them to do it

  12. EVOLUTIONARY/SOCIOBIOLOGICAL • Which behaviors evolved to get genes to the next generation Answer: People do it because their internal drive to survive/pass on their DNA makes them do it

  13. SOCIOCULTURAL • Which behaviors derive from group membership Answer: People do it because their culture/ethnic group/country/religion/peer group/family/society taught them that this is the way you do it

  14. HUMANISTIC/HUMANISM • Free will, human growth and potential Answer: People ALL have the ability to do it – everyone can choose to do it (agency in its pure form)

  15. PSYCHOANALYTICAL/PSYCHODYNAMIC • Behavior is driven by unconscious impulses (sex and aggression) Answer: People do IT (fight, have sex) because it is all they ever unconsciously think about doing

  16. COGNITIVE • Thinking – how the brain acquires, stores, processes, and retrieves information • Answer: Anyone can do it if they THINK they can do it; whether you think you can or you can’t, you’re right

  17. DEVELOPMENTAL • Predictable patterns of change throughout life • Answer: People do it when their age/stage of development allows them to be able to do it

  18. TRAIT • Individual differences result from differences in patterns of stable characteristics (i.e. personality traits – introverted vs. extroverted) • Answer: People do it because that is simply WHO they are

  19. So what do we do with all this mess? • We evaluate the three biggest issues in the field today – • NATURE VS NURTURE • STABILITY VS CHANGE • RATIONAL VS IRRATIONAL

  20. Oh it gets better… • You can break down these fields into subfields depending on where your specialty/interests lie • Industrial • Personality • School: test admin, severe cases • Clinical: diagnose and treat severe disorders • Counseling: less sever disorders, low level depression, phobias • Research5 • Sports • Psychometric: test designers, statistics • Forensic: CSI, military operations

  21. Test Subjects

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